---
title: dolorous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dolorous» in the school dictionary: Dolorous means full of sorrow or pain; sad and mournful, often said of a sound or cry (old use, formal). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dolorous

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**Who acts:** Dolorous, owl, dolorous song, everyone, Her · **What happens:** mean, say, give, be, make, cry · **To what, where:** dolorous hoot, dark wood, dolorous silence, village, everyone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«dolorous» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dolorous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dolorous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dolorous means full of sorrow or pain; sad and mournful, often said of a sound or cry (old use, formal).

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dolorous:m1:1
# text = Dolorous means full of sorrow or pain; sad and mournful, often said of a sound or cry (old use, formal).
1	Dolorous	Dolorous	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	mournful	mournful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Dolorous |  |  |  |  | full *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle | Dolorous *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of a sound or cry; often *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The owl gave a dolorous hoot in the dark wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dolorous:x1:1
# text = The owl gave a dolorous hoot in the dark wood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	owl	owl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dolorous	dolorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hoot	hoot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the owl | a dolorous hoot |  | the dark wood |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hoot=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the storm there was a dolorous silence in the village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dolorous:x2:1
# text = After the storm there was a dolorous silence in the village.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	dolorous	dolorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | a dolorous silence |  | the village | after the storm |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her dolorous song made everyone cry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dolorous:x3:1
# text = Her dolorous song made everyone cry.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dolorous	dolorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	_
6	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Her dolorous song | everyone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | infinitive | everyone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sing** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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