---
title: domestication — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «domestication» in the school dictionary: Domestication is the long process by which people tamed wild animals and plants over many generations, so they live with or are farmed by people. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# domestication

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Domestication, people, Horses · **What happens:** be, tame, live, farm, begin, help · **To what, where:** long process, wild animals, many generations, people, villages, life

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«domestication» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [domestication in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/domestication.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Domestication is the long process by which people tamed wild animals and plants over many generations, so they live with or are farmed by people.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:domestication:m1:1
# text = Domestication is the long process by which people tamed wild animals and plants over many generations, so they live with or are farmed by people.
1	Domestication	domestication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	tamed	tame	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	over	over	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	generations	generation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	obl	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	farmed	farm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Domestication | the long process |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tame** | past | people | wild animals and plants |  |  | over many generations | by the long process | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent animal=Patient |
| 3 | **live** | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **farm** | present · passive | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The domestication of the dog began thousands of years ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:domestication:x1:1
# text = The domestication of the dog began thousands of years ago.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	domestication	domestication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the domestication of the dog |  |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Domestication of wheat helped people settle in villages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:domestication:x2:1
# text = Domestication of wheat helped people settle in villages.
1	Domestication	domestication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	settle	settle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | Domestication of wheat | people |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **settle** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  | villages |  |  | vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in village=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Horses changed life after their domestication.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:domestication:x3:1
# text = Horses changed life after their domestication.
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	domestication	domestication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | Horses | life |  |  | after Horses's domestication |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cats may have chosen domestication themselves, by living near farms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:domestication:x4:1
# text = Cats may have chosen domestication themselves, by living near farms.
1	Cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	chosen	choose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	domestication	domestication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
10	near	near	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | may · perfect · passive |  | Cats |  |  |  | Cats *= cat* *obl* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary domestication=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  | farms |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near farm=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Domestication made cows calmer than their wild ancestors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:domestication:x5:1
# text = Domestication made cows calmer than their wild ancestors.
1	Domestication	domestication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	calmer	calm	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Domestication | cows |  |  |  | calm *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cow=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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