---
title: doubt — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «doubt» in the school dictionary: A feeling of not being sure if something is true or will happen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# doubt

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, it, doubt, I, snow, she · **What happens:** not be, be, happen, feel, think, not trust · **To what, where:** someone, best singer, class, doubt, teacher, doubts · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«doubt» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [doubt in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/doubt.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A feeling of not being sure if something is true or will happen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doubt:m1:1
# text = A feeling of not being sure if something is true or will happen.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
6	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | sure *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | something |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **happen** | future | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To feel unsure that something is true, or to think it is probably not true.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doubt:m2:1
# text = To feel unsure that something is true, or to think it is probably not true.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	feel	feel	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	unsure	unsure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	think	think	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	probably	probably	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | unsure *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | probably, true *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not to trust or believe someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doubt:m3:1
# text = Not to trust or believe someone.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	trust	trust	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	believe	believe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **trust** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **believe** | infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Stimulus |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"No doubt" means probably or certainly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doubt:m4:1
# text = "No doubt" means probably or certainly.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
3	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	probably	probably	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | no doubt |  |  |  |  | probably *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I doubt it will snow today — it's too warm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doubt:x1:1
# text = I doubt it will snow today — it's too warm.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	doubt	doubt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	_
6	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	—	-	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	too	too	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **doubt** | present | I |  |  |  | today |  | vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **snow** | future | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | snow |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Without a doubt, she's the best singer in the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doubt:x2:1
# text = Without a doubt, she's the best singer in the class.
1	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | she | the best singer |  | the class |  | without a doubt | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you are in doubt, ask the teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doubt:x3:1
# text = If you are in doubt, ask the teacher.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  | doubt |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | the teacher |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had doubts about climbing so high.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doubt:x4:1
# text = He had doubts about climbing so high.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	doubts	doubt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | He | doubts |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent doubt=Patient |
| 2 | **climb** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | high *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody doubted his story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doubt:x5:1
# text = Nobody doubted his story.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	doubted	doubt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **doubt** | past | Nobody | his story |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No doubt you're hungry after that long walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doubt:x6:1
# text = No doubt you're hungry after that long walk.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | no doubt |  |  |  | after that long walk | hungry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When in doubt, check your answer with the inverse operation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doubt:x7:1
# text = When in doubt, check your answer with the inverse operation.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	inverse	inverse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | your answer |  | doubt |  | with the inverse operation | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme |
| 2 | **answer** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I never doubted that you could do it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doubt:x8:1
# text = I never doubted that you could do it.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	doubted	doubt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **doubt** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | could | you | it |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No doubt he will soon come.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doubt:x9:1
# text = No doubt he will soon come.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | future | he | no doubt *not said here* |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location doubt=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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