---
title: dough — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dough» in the school dictionary: A thick soft mixture of flour, water and other things, for making bread, pizza, pastry or biscuits before baking. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/dough/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/) / dough

# dough

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** other things, We, you, dough, yeast, bubbles · **What happens:** make, bake, knead, leave, rise, roll out · **To what, where:** bread, dough, warm place, Pizza dough, circle, bubbles · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dough» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dough in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dough.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A thick soft mixture of flour, water and other things, for making bread, pizza, pastry or biscuits before baking.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dough:m1:1
# text = A thick soft mixture of flour, water and other things, for making bread, pizza, pastry or biscuits before baking.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	mixture	mixture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
15	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	pastry	pastry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	biscuits	biscuit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
22	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
23	baking	bake	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund | other things *not said here* | bread and pizza and pastry or biscuits |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bread=Product |
| 2 | **bake** | gerund | other things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, old slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dough:m2:1
# text = Money.
1	Money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We kneaded the dough for ten minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dough:x1:1
# text = We kneaded the dough for ten minutes.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kneaded	knead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knead** | past | We | the dough |  |  | minute |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent dough=Material |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leave the dough in a warm place so it can rise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dough:x2:1
# text = Leave the dough in a warm place so it can rise.
1	Leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | imperative | you *not said here* | the dough |  | a warm place |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent dough=Theme in place=Location |
| 2 | **rise** | can | dough |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Roll out the dough and cut out star shapes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dough:x3:1
# text = Roll out the dough and cut out star shapes.
1	Roll	roll	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll out** | imperative | you *not said here* | the dough and cut star shapes |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dough=Theme |
| 2 | **cut out** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pizza dough is stretched into a circle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dough:x4:1
# text = Pizza dough is stretched into a circle.
1	Pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** | present · passive |  | Pizza dough |  |  |  | into a circle *result* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into circle=Result |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The yeast makes bubbles that make the dough rise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dough:x5:1
# text = The yeast makes bubbles that make the dough rise.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	yeast	yeast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the yeast | bubbles |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bubble=Product |
| 2 | **make** | present | bubbles | the dough |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **rise** | infinitive | the dough *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't eat raw cookie dough with raw egg or flour in it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dough:x6:1
# text = Don't eat raw cookie dough with raw egg or flour in it.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	cookie	cookie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **eat** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | raw cookie dough |  |  |  | with raw egg or flour in flour | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dough=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little sister made a dinosaur out of play dough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dough:x7:1
# text = My little sister made a dinosaur out of play dough.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | My little sister | a dinosaur |  | play dough |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinosaur=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I haven't got enough dough for that," joked Dad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dough:x8:1
# text = "I haven't got enough dough for that," joked Dad.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	_
12	joked	joke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
13	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **get** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Dad | enough dough |  |  |  | for that | tree rules |
| 2 | **joke** *speech: other* | past | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vasilissa took flour, kneaded dough, and made a pie.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dough:x9:1
# text = Vasilissa took flour, kneaded dough, and made a pie.
1	Vasilissa	Vasilissa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	kneaded	knead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pie	pie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Vasilissa | flour and kneaded dough |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flour=Theme |
| 2 | **knead** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |
| 3 | **make** | past | Vasilissa *not said here* | a pie |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pie=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [doubtless](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/doubtless/)
- next →: [doughnut](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/doughnut/)
- ↑ back to [D in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/)