---
title: doughnut — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «doughnut» in the school dictionary: A doughnut is a small sweet cake of fried dough, often shaped like a ring with a hole, or a round ball filled with jam or cream. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/doughnut/)

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# doughnut

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** doughnut, I, Dad, ring doughnut, 4 friends, each · **What happens:** be, fry, shape, fill, have, bring · **To what, where:** small sweet cake, round ball, ring shape, jam doughnut, fair, box

<!-- .vabout -->
«doughnut» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [doughnut in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/doughnut.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A doughnut is a small sweet cake of fried dough, often shaped like a ring with a hole, or a round ball filled with jam or cream.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doughnut:m1:1
# text = A doughnut is a small sweet cake of fried dough, often shaped like a ring with a hole, or a round ball filled with jam or cream.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doughnut	doughnut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	fried	fry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	often	often	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
25	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a doughnut | a small sweet cake |  |  |  | of fried dough | tree rules |
| 2 | **fry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **shape** | participle |  | a small sweet cake *not said here* |  |  |  | like a ring with a hole; often *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **fill** | participle |  | a round ball *not said here* |  |  |  | with jam or cream | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with jam=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A doughnut is any ring shape like this, such as a ring cushion or a rubber ring.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doughnut:m2:1
# text = A doughnut is any ring shape like this, such as a ring cushion or a rubber ring.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doughnut	doughnut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
5	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	cushion	cushion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a doughnut | any ring shape and a ring cushion or a rubber ring |  |  |  | like this | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I had a jam doughnut at the fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doughnut:x1:1
# text = I had a jam doughnut at the fair.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	doughnut	doughnut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I | a jam doughnut |  | the fair |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent doughnut=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad brought a box of twelve doughnuts to share.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doughnut:x2:1
# text = Dad brought a box of twelve doughnuts to share.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	doughnuts	doughnut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	share	share	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | Dad | a box of twelve doughnuts |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent box=Theme |
| 2 | **share** | to-infinitive | Dad *not said here* | a box of twelve doughnuts *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doughnut was covered in pink icing and sprinkles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doughnut:x3:1
# text = The doughnut was covered in pink icing and sprinkles.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doughnut	doughnut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	icing	icing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	sprinkles	sprinkle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the doughnut |  |  |  | in pink icing and sprinkles | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in icing=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My doughnut got sugar all over my face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doughnut:x4:1
# text = My doughnut got sugar all over my face.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	doughnut	doughnut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | My doughnut | sugar |  | my face |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sugar=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ring doughnut has a hole in the middle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doughnut:x5:1
# text = A ring doughnut has a hole in the middle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	doughnut	doughnut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a ring doughnut | a hole |  | the middle |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If 4 friends share 12 doughnuts equally, each gets 3.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doughnut:x6:1
# text = If 4 friends share 12 doughnuts equally, each gets 3.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	share	share	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
5	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	doughnuts	doughnut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	equally	equally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | 4 friends | 12 doughnuts |  |  |  | equally *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | present | each | 3 |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 3=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car spun round and left a doughnut shape in the snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:doughnut:x7:1
# text = The car spun round and left a doughnut shape in the snow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	spun	spin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	round	round	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
6	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	doughnut	doughnut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spin round** | participle |  | the car *not said here* |  |  |  | round *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | past | the car | a doughnut shape |  | the snow |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent shape=Theme in snow=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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