---
title: downcast — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «downcast» in the school dictionary: Downcast means sad and gloomy, looking down: she was downcast after losing the match. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# downcast

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**Who acts:** Downcast, Downcast eyes, He, downcast girl, team · **What happens:** mean, look down, be, lose, stand, break · **To what, where:** match, vase, downcast, goal

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«downcast» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [downcast in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/downcast.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Downcast means sad and gloomy, looking down: she was downcast after losing the match.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downcast:m1:1
# text = Downcast means sad and gloomy, looking down: she was downcast after losing the match.
1	Downcast	downcast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	gloomy	gloomy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	downcast	downcast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
13	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Downcast |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **look down** | gerund | Downcast *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is** | past | Downcast |  |  |  |  | downcast *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **lose** | gerund | Downcast *not said here* | the match |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent match=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Downcast eyes are eyes looking down, often because of shame, shyness or sadness.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downcast:m2:1
# text = Downcast eyes are eyes looking down, often because of shame, shyness or sadness.
1	Downcast	downcast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	shame	shame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	shyness	shyness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look down** | present · progressive | Downcast eyes |  |  |  |  | because shame and shyness or sadness; down *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He stood with downcast eyes after breaking the vase.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downcast:x1:1
# text = He stood with downcast eyes after breaking the vase.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	downcast	downcast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	vase	vase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | He |  |  |  |  | with downcast eyes | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **break** | gerund | He *not said here* | the vase |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer vase=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The downcast girl did not reply.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downcast:x2:1
# text = The downcast girl did not reply.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	downcast	downcast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	reply	reply	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **reply** *speech: assert* | past · do-support | the downcast girl |  |  |  |  |  | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our team looked downcast after the goal was scored against us.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downcast:x3:1
# text = Our team looked downcast after the goal was scored against us.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	downcast	downcast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	scored	score	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
10	against	against	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | Our team | downcast |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme downcast=Attribute |
| 2 | **score** | past · passive |  | the goal |  |  |  | against us | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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