---
title: downstair — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «downstair» in the school dictionary: Downstairs means on a lower floor of a house or building, usually the ground floor. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# downstair

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** downstairs, Downstair, usual word, 3 rooms, 5 children, She · **What happens:** mean, go down, be, go, get, call · **To what, where:** lower floor, stairs, rarer form, 2 cups, us, rail · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«downstair» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [downstair in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/downstair.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Downstairs means on a lower floor of a house or building, usually the ground floor.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstair:m1:1
# text = Downstairs means on a lower floor of a house or building, usually the ground floor.
1	Downstairs	downstairs	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | a lower floor of a house or building |  | downstairs *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Downstairs also means going down the stairs to a lower floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstair:m2:1
# text = Downstairs also means going down the stairs to a lower floor.
1	Downstairs	downstairs	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stairs	stair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | downstairs *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go down** *not said to happen* | gerund |  | the stairs |  |  |  | to a lower floor *result* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient stair=Extent to floor=Result |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The downstairs is the lower floor of a house. «Downstair» is a rarer form of «downstairs»; the usual word is «downstairs».

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The downstairs is the lower floor of a house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstair:m3:1
# text = The downstairs is the lower floor of a house.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	downstairs	downstairs	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the downstairs | the lower floor |  |  |  | of a house | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* «Downstair» is a rarer form of «downstairs»; the usual word is «downstairs».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstair:m3:2
# text = «Downstair» is a rarer form of «downstairs»; the usual word is «downstairs».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Downstair	Downstair	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	rarer	rare	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	downstairs	downstairs	ADV	RB	_	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	downstairs	downstairs	ADV	RB	_	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Downstair | a rarer form |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the usual word |  |  |  |  | downstairs *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 3 rooms downstairs and 4 upstairs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstair:x1:1
# text = There are 3 rooms downstairs and 4 upstairs.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	rooms	room	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	downstairs	downstairs	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	appos	_	_
8	upstairs	upstairs	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 3 rooms |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
5 children are downstairs and 7 upstairs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstair:x2:1
# text = 5 children are downstairs and 7 upstairs.
1	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	downstairs	downstairs	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	conj	_	_
7	upstairs	upstairs	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | 5 children |  |  |  |  | downstairs *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She went downstairs to get 2 cups.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstair:x3:1
# text = She went downstairs to get 2 cups.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	downstairs	downstairs	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | She |  |  |  |  | downstairs *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | 2 cups |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cup=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many people are downstairs now?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstair:x4:1
# text = How many people are downstairs now?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	downstairs	downstairs	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many people |  |  |  |  | downstairs, now *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad called us downstairs for dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstair:x5:1
# text = Dad called us downstairs for dinner.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	downstairs	downstairs	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | Dad | us |  |  |  | for dinner; downstairs *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent we=Theme for dinner=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hold the rail when you walk downstairs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstair:x6:1
# text = Hold the rail when you walk downstairs.
1	Hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rail	rail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	downstairs	downstairs	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | imperative | you *not said here* | the rail |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rail=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** | present | you |  |  |  |  | downstairs *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The downstairs toilet is next to the kitchen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstair:x7:1
# text = The downstairs toilet is next to the kitchen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	downstairs	downstairs	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	toilet	toilet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	next	next	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the downstairs toilet |  |  |  |  | to the kitchen; next *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our neighbours downstairs have a dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstair:x8:1
# text = Our neighbours downstairs have a dog.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	downstairs	downstairs	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our neighbours | a dog |  |  |  | downstairs *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I heard a noise downstairs in the night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstair:x9:1
# text = I heard a noise downstairs in the night.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	downstairs	downstairs	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | I | a noise |  |  | night | downstairs *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer noise=Stimulus |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Miss Cat went downstairs and sent the wooer away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstair:x10:1
# text = Miss Cat went downstairs and sent the wooer away.
1	Miss	Miss	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	downstairs	downstairs	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wooer	wooer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Miss Cat |  |  |  |  | downstairs *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **send away** | past | Miss Cat *not said here* | the wooer |  |  |  | away *property* | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wooer=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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