---
title: downstream — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «downstream» in the school dictionary: Downstream means in the direction a river or stream flows, towards the sea. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# downstream

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** river, leaf, We, village, Rivers, Salmon · **What happens:** mean, flow, describe, float, paddle, be · **To what, where:** direction, place, canoe, mile, bridge, eggs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«downstream» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [downstream in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/downstream.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Downstream means in the direction a river or stream flows, towards the sea.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstream:m1:1
# text = Downstream means in the direction a river or stream flows, towards the sea.
1	Downstream	downstream	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | in the direction; downstream *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in direction=Attribute |
| 2 | **flow** | present | a river or stream | the direction *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location direction=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Downstream describes a place further along a river in that direction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstream:m2:1
# text = Downstream describes a place further along a river in that direction.
1	Downstream	downstream	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	further	further	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	along	along	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present |  | a place |  |  |  | along a river in that direction; downstream *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent place=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leaf floated downstream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstream:x1:1
# text = The leaf floated downstream.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	floated	float	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	downstream	downstream	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | past | the leaf |  |  |  |  | downstream *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We paddled our canoe downstream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstream:x2:1
# text = We paddled our canoe downstream.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	paddled	paddle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	downstream	downstream	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paddle** | past | We | our canoe |  |  |  | downstream *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent canoe=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The village is a mile downstream from the bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstream:x3:1
# text = The village is a mile downstream from the bridge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mile	mile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	downstream	downstream	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the village | a mile |  | the bridge |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rivers get wider as they flow downstream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstream:x4:1
# text = Rivers get wider as they flow downstream.
1	Rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	wider	wide	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	flow	flow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	downstream	downstream	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | Rivers |  |  |  |  | wide *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **flow** | present | Rivers *= river* |  |  |  |  | downstream *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salmon swim upstream, not downstream, to lay their eggs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstream:x5:1
# text = Salmon swim upstream, not downstream, to lay their eggs.
1	Salmon	salmon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swim	swim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upstream	upstream	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	downstream	downstream	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | present | Salmon |  |  |  |  | downstream, upstream *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **lay** | to-infinitive | Salmon *not said here* | Salmon's eggs |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pollution upstream can harm fish downstream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstream:x6:1
# text = Pollution upstream can harm fish downstream.
1	Pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	upstream	upstream	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	downstream	downstream	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | can | Pollution | fish |  |  |  | downstream, upstream *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fish=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never chase a ball that is being carried downstream; the water is stronger than you think.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstream:x7:1
# text = Never chase a ball that is being carried downstream; the water is stronger than you think.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	chase	chase	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	downstream	downstream	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	parataxis	_	_
15	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **chase** | imperative | you *not said here* | a ball |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme |
| 2 | **carry** | present · passive |  | a ball |  |  |  | downstream *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | the water |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Remember, you are upstream and I am downstream."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:downstream:x8:1
# text = Remember, you are upstream and I am downstream."
1	Remember	remember	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	upstream	upstream	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	ccomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	downstream	downstream	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | upstream *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | downstream *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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