---
title: drafting — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «drafting» in the school dictionary: Drafting is writing a first, rough version of a story, letter or plan that you will improve later. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# drafting

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Drafting, plan, air, We, that, Mum · **What happens:** write, improve, make, choose, call, ride · **To what, where:** first rough version, careful technical drawings, people, army, someone, stories · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«drafting» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [drafting in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/drafting.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drafting is writing a first, rough version of a story, letter or plan that you will improve later.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drafting:m1:1
# text = Drafting is writing a first, rough version of a story, letter or plan that you will improve later.
1	Drafting	drafting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	writing	write	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	improve	improve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	acl:relcl	_	_
20	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · progressive | Drafting | a first rough version of a story |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent version=Theme |
| 2 | **improve** | future | plan |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drafting is making careful technical drawings, such as plans for buildings or machines.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drafting:m2:1
# text = Drafting is making careful technical drawings, such as plans for buildings or machines.
1	Drafting	drafting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	technical	technical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	drawings	drawing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	plans	plan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · progressive | Drafting | careful technical drawings and plans for buildings or machines |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset drawing=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drafting is choosing people for a team or, in some countries, calling people into the army.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drafting:m3:1
# text = Drafting is choosing people for a team or, in some countries, calling people into the army.
1	Drafting	drafting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	choosing	choose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | present · progressive | Drafting | people |  |  |  | for a team or some countries | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent people=Theme for team=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **call** | gerund | Drafting *not said here* | people |  | the army |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Topic into army=Recipient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drafting is riding or running close behind someone so the air pushes against them, not you.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drafting:m4:1
# text = Drafting is riding or running close behind someone so the air pushes against them, not you.
1	Drafting	drafting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	riding	ride	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
6	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
7	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
9	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	pushes	push	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
13	against	against	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | present · progressive | Drafting |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **run** | gerund | Drafting *not said here* |  |  | someone |  | close *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind someone=Trajectory |
| 3 | **push** | present | the air |  |  |  |  | against them *= they* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent against they=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are drafting our stories today and will edit them tomorrow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drafting:x1:1
# text = We are drafting our stories today and will edit them tomorrow.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	drafting	draft	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	edit	edit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	tomorrow	tomorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draft** | present · progressive | We | our stories |  |  | today |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Result |
| 2 | **edit** | future | We *not said here* | stories *= story* |  |  | tomorrow |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drafting is messy, and that is fine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drafting:x2:1
# text = Drafting is messy, and that is fine.
1	Drafting	drafting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	messy	messy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Drafting |  |  |  |  | messy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | that |  |  |  |  | fine *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum is drafting an email to the school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drafting:x3:1
# text = Mum is drafting an email to the school.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	drafting	draft	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draft** | present · progressive | Mum | a email |  |  |  | to the school | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent email=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The architect spent weeks drafting the plans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drafting:x4:1
# text = The architect spent weeks drafting the plans.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	architect	architect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	drafting	draft	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plans	plan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | the architect |  |  |  | week |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **draft** | gerund | the architect *not said here* | the plans |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plan=Result |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coach is drafting in two new players.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drafting:x5:1
# text = The coach is drafting in two new players.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	drafting	draft	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draft** | present · progressive | the coach |  |  | two new players |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cyclists saved energy by drafting behind each other.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drafting:x6:1
# text = The cyclists saved energy by drafting behind each other.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cyclists	cyclist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saved	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	drafting	draft	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	6	obl	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | past | the cyclists | energy |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme |
| 2 | **draft** | gerund | the cyclists *not said here* |  |  | each |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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