---
title: dragging — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dragging» in the school dictionary: Pulling something heavy along the ground with effort. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dragging

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** someone, they, day, He, Dragging, you · **What happens:** pull, move, hold, slide, make, go · **To what, where:** something, screen, mouse button, someone, something trail, heavy bag

<!-- .vabout -->
«dragging» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dragging in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dragging.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pulling something heavy along the ground with effort.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dragging:m1:1
# text = Pulling something heavy along the ground with effort.
1	Pulling	pull	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
4	along	along	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  | along the ground; with effort | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moving something on a screen by holding the mouse button or your finger on it and sliding.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dragging:m2:1
# text = Moving something on a screen by holding the mouse button or your finger on it and sliding.
1	Moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	sliding	slide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | gerund |  | something |  | a screen |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **hold** | gerund |  | the mouse button or your finger on finger |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Theme |
| 3 | **slide** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making someone go somewhere they don't want to go.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dragging:m3:1
# text = Making someone go somewhere they don't want to go.
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	8	advmod	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | infinitive | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **want** | present · do-support | they |  |  |  |  | somewhere *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **go** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Going on slowly and boringly: «the day was dragging».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dragging:m4:1
# text = Going on slowly and boringly: «the day was dragging».
1	Going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	boringly	boringly	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	dragging	drag	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go on** | gerund | the day *not said here* |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **drag** *in a quote* | past · progressive | the day |  |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Letting something trail along the ground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dragging:m5:1
# text = Letting something trail along the ground.
1	Letting	let	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	compound	_	_
3	trail	trail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	along	along	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | gerund |  | something trail |  |  |  | along the ground | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was dragging a heavy bag across the floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dragging:x1:1
# text = He was dragging a heavy bag across the floor.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	dragging	drag	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drag** | past · progressive | He | a heavy bag |  | the floor |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dragging the box was hard because of friction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dragging:x2:1
# text = Dragging the box was hard because of friction.
1	Dragging	drag	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	friction	friction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drag** | gerund |  | the box |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent box=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | Dragging |  |  |  |  | because friction; hard *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Try dragging the picture into the folder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dragging:x3:1
# text = Try dragging the picture into the folder.
1	Try	try	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	dragging	drag	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	folder	folder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **drag** *not said to happen* | gerund | you *not said here* | the picture |  | the folder |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum was dragging us around the shops all afternoon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dragging:x4:1
# text = Mum was dragging us around the shops all afternoon.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	dragging	drag	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	around	around	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drag** | past · progressive | Mum | us |  | the shops | afternoon |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The last lesson was really dragging.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dragging:x5:1
# text = The last lesson was really dragging.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	really	really	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	dragging	drag	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drag** | past · progressive | the last lesson |  |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her coat was dragging in the mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dragging:x6:1
# text = Her coat was dragging in the mud.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	dragging	drag	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drag** | past · progressive | Her coat |  |  | the mud |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in mud=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop dragging your feet and hurry up!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dragging:x7:1
# text = Stop dragging your feet and hurry up!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	dragging	drag	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	hurry	hurry	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **drag** | gerund | you *not said here* | your feet |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme |
| 3 | **hurry up** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Suddenly he rushed out, dragging after him his blanket.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dragging:x8:1
# text = Suddenly he rushed out, dragging after him his blanket.
1	Suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rushed	rush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	dragging	drag	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	blanket	blanket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rush out** | past | he |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **drag** | gerund | he *not said here* | his blanket |  |  | after him *= he* |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blanket=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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