---
title: dram — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dram» in the school dictionary:  Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dram

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**Who acts:** old man, He, you · **What happens:** measure, ask, pour, not drink · **To what, where:** weight, dram, glass, many drams

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«dram» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dram in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dram.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

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Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->


## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
a small drink of strong spirit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dram:m2:1
# text = a small drink of strong spirit.
1	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
a tiny measure of weight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dram:m3:1
# text = a tiny measure of weight.
1	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	measure	measure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** |  |  | weight |  |  |  |  | nom measure «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old man asked for one more dram.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dram:x1:1
# text = The old man asked for one more dram.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	dram	dram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the old man |  |  |  |  | for one more dram | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He poured a dram of whisky into his glass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dram:x2:1
# text = He poured a dram of whisky into his glass.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	poured	pour	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dram	dram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	whisky	whisky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour** | past | He | a dram of whisky |  | his glass |  |  | vn pour-9.5 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent dram=Theme into glass=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't drink too many drams, lad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dram:x3:1
# text = Don't drink too many drams, lad.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	drink	drink	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	drams	dram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	lad	lad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **drink** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | many drams and lad |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dram=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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