---
title: drat — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «drat» in the school dictionary: a mild exclamation of annoyance; a soft stand-in for «damn». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/drat/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/) / drat

# drat

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, I, old lady, it, cartoon villain, witch bodies · **What happens:** exclaim, drat, forget, run out, say, rain · **To what, where:** annoyance, lunch, it, cat, Drat, count · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«drat» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [drat in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/drat.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old-fashioned, euphemism — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
a mild exclamation of annoyance; a soft stand-in for «damn».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drat:m1:1
# text = a mild exclamation of annoyance; a soft stand-in for «damn».
1	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	exclamation	exclamation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	annoyance	annoyance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	stand	stand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	in	in	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	damn	damn	ADV	RB	_	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exclaim** |  |  | annoyance |  |  |  |  | nom exclamation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drat! I forgot my lunch.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Drat!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drat:x1:1
# text = Drat!
1	Drat	drat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drat** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* I forgot my lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drat:x1:2
# text = I forgot my lunch.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forget** | past | I | my lunch |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drat it, the pen's run out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drat:x2:1
# text = Drat it, the pen's run out.
1	Drat	drat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	run	run	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drat** | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run out** | participle | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Drat that cat!» said the old lady.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drat:x3:1
# text = «Drat that cat!» said the old lady.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Drat	drat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drat** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | that cat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the old lady |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drat, it's raining again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drat:x4:1
# text = Drat, it's raining again.
1	Drat	drat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	raining	rain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drat** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rain** | present · progressive | it |  |  |  | again |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cartoon villain cried, «Drat! Foiled again!»

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The cartoon villain cried, «Drat!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drat:x5:1
# text = The cartoon villain cried, «Drat!
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Drat	drat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the cartoon villain | Drat |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Foiled again!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drat:x5:2
# text = Foiled again!»
1	Foiled	foil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	again	again	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **foil** | participle |  |  |  |  | again |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drat, I've lost count.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drat:x6:1
# text = Drat, I've lost count.
1	Drat	drat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	ccomp	_	_
6	count	count	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drat** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | present · perfect | I | count |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent count=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Drat thee!" yelled the witch-bodies, "thou 'st spoiled our spells this year agone!"

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drat:x7:1
# text = "Drat thee!" yelled the witch-bodies, "thou 'st spoiled our spells this year agone!"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Drat	drat	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	reparandum	_	_
3	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	yelled	yell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nsubj	_	_
14	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	st	St	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	spoiled	spoil	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	spells	spell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
20	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	agone	agone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **yell** *speech: express* | past | the witch bodies | thee |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **spoil** *in a quote* | past | thou | our spells |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **spell** *in a quote* |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom spell «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [drapery](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/drapery/)
- next →: [draught](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/draught/)
- ↑ back to [D in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/)