---
title: draughty — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «draughty» in the school dictionary: Of a room or building: having cold air blowing through it from gaps round windows and doors. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# draughty

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** having cold air, old castle, you, door, Grandpa, village hall · **What happens:** have, blow, be, close, put, shape · **To what, where:** air, door, shaped draught excluder, coats, all, heat

<!-- .vabout -->
«draughty» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [draughty in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/draughty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a room or building: having cold air blowing through it from gaps round windows and doors.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:draughty:m1:1
# text = Of a room or building: having cold air blowing through it from gaps round windows and doors.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
10	blowing	blow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	through	through	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	gaps	gap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
15	round	round	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	doors	door	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **blow** | gerund | having cold air *not said here* |  |  | air |  | from gaps round windows and doors | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from gap=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old castle was dark and draughty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:draughty:x1:1
# text = The old castle was dark and draughty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	draughty	draughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the old castle |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the old castle *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Close the door, it's draughty in here!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:draughty:x2:1
# text = Close the door, it's draughty in here!
1	Close	close	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	draughty	draughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | imperative | you *not said here* | the door |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | door |  |  |  |  | draughty *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa put a sausage-shaped draught excluder by the draughty door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:draughty:x3:1
# text = Grandpa put a sausage-shaped draught excluder by the draughty door.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	sausage	sausage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
7	draught	draught	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	excluder	excluder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	draughty	draughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | Grandpa | a shaped draught excluder |  |  |  | by the draughty door | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent excluder=Theme by door=Destination |
| 2 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The village hall is so draughty that we keep our coats on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:draughty:x4:1
# text = The village hall is so draughty that we keep our coats on.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	draughty	draughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
10	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	coats	coat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	on	on	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the village hall |  |  |  |  | draughty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | present | we | our coats |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Badger's house was warm and snug, not draughty at all.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:draughty:x5:1
# text = Badger's house was warm and snug, not draughty at all.
1	Badger	Badger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	snug	snug	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	draughty	draughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Badger's house |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Badger's house *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **be** |  | Badger's house *not said here* |  |  | all |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draughty windows let heat escape and waste energy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:draughty:x6:1
# text = Draughty windows let heat escape and waste energy.
1	Draughty	draughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	let	let	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	waste	waste	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present | Draughty windows | heat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **escape** | infinitive | heat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **waste** | infinitive | heat *not said here* | energy |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tent was draughty, so we wore woolly hats to sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:draughty:x7:1
# text = The tent was draughty, so we wore woolly hats to sleep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	draughty	draughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
9	woolly	woolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	hats	hat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the tent |  |  |  |  | draughty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **wear** | past | we | woolly hats |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |
| 3 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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