---
title: drawbridge — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «drawbridge» in the school dictionary: A bridge that can be pulled up or lifted, especially over a castle moat, to stop enemies getting in. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# drawbridge

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** river, modern bridge, guards, army, drawbridge, We · **What happens:** pull up, lift, stop, get in, let, pass · **To what, where:** bridge, castle moat, enemies, tall ships, drawbridge, moat

<!-- .vabout -->
«drawbridge» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [drawbridge in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/drawbridge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bridge that can be pulled up or lifted, especially over a castle moat, to stop enemies getting in.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drawbridge:m1:1
# text = A bridge that can be pulled up or lifted, especially over a castle moat, to stop enemies getting in.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	pulled	pull	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	lifted	lift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	over	over	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	moat	moat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
19	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
20	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	xcomp	_	_
21	in	in	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull up** | can · passive |  | a bridge |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **lift** | participle |  |  |  | a castle moat |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent over moat=Destination |
| 3 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  | enemies |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **get in** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A modern bridge over a river that lifts to let tall ships pass, like Tower Bridge in London.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drawbridge:m2:1
# text = A modern bridge over a river that lifts to let tall ships pass, like Tower Bridge in London.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lifts	lift	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
11	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	pass	pass	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	Tower	Tower	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Bridge	Bridge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | present | a river |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **let** | to-infinitive | a river *not said here* | tall ships |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Theme |
| 3 | **pass** | present | a modern bridge over a river |  |  |  |  | like Tower Bridge in London | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The guards raised the drawbridge as the army came near.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drawbridge:x1:1
# text = The guards raised the drawbridge as the army came near.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	guards	guard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	drawbridge	drawbridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	near	near	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past | the guards | the drawbridge |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drawbridge=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | the army |  |  |  |  | near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drawbridge crossed the moat to the castle gate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drawbridge:x2:1
# text = The drawbridge crossed the moat to the castle gate.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drawbridge	drawbridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	moat	moat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | past | the drawbridge | the moat | the castle gate |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent moat=Patient to gate=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We built a cardboard castle with a drawbridge on string.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drawbridge:x3:1
# text = We built a cardboard castle with a drawbridge on string.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	cardboard	cardboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	drawbridge	drawbridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	string	string	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | We | a cardboard castle |  |  |  | with a drawbridge on string | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent castle=Theme with drawbridge=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tower Bridge opens like a drawbridge to let ships through.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drawbridge:x4:1
# text = Tower Bridge opens like a drawbridge to let ships through.
1	Tower	Tower	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Bridge	Bridge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	opens	open	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	drawbridge	drawbridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	through	through	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | present | Tower Bridge |  |  |  |  | like a drawbridge | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **let** | to-infinitive | Tower Bridge *not said here* | ships |  |  |  | through *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight rode over the drawbridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drawbridge:x5:1
# text = The knight rode over the drawbridge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	drawbridge	drawbridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | the knight |  |  | the drawbridge |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over drawbridge=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pull up the drawbridge! shouted the king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drawbridge:x6:1
# text = Pull up the drawbridge! shouted the king.
1	Pull	pull	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	drawbridge	drawbridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
6	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull up** | imperative | you *not said here* | the drawbridge |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drawbridge=Theme |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | past |  | the king |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Close by the drawbridge, near the gate, there was an old willow tree, which bent over the reeds.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drawbridge:x7:1
# text = Close by the drawbridge, near the gate, there was an old willow tree, which bent over the reeds.
1	Close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	drawbridge	drawbridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	near	near	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	11	expl	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	willow	willow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	bent	bend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
19	over	over	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	reeds	reed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the drawbridge and the gate | a old willow tree |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bend** | past | a old willow tree |  |  | the reeds |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over reed=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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