---
title: driver — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «driver» in the school dictionary: A person who drives a car, bus, truck or train. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# driver

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, program, computer, Something, you, driver · **What happens:** drive, help, use, make, happen, wave · **To what, where:** car, computer, device, golf club, something, bus driver

<!-- .vabout -->
«driver» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [driver in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/driver.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who drives a car, bus, truck or train.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:driver:m1:1
# text = A person who drives a car, bus, truck or train.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drives	drive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | present | a person and bus and truck or train | a car |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent car=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A program that helps a computer use a device (device driver).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:driver:m2:1
# text = A program that helps a computer use a device (device driver).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a program | a computer |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent computer=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | infinitive | a computer *not said here* | a device |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent device=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A golf club used for long shots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:driver:m3:1
# text = A golf club used for long shots.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	golf	golf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	shots	shot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a golf club *not said here* |  |  |  | for long shots | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something that makes something else happen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:driver:m4:1
# text = Something that makes something else happen.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	else	else	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Something | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** | infinitive | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"a driver of change".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:driver:m4e:1
# text = "a driver of change".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bus driver waved to us.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:driver:x1:1
# text = The bus driver waved to us.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	waved	wave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wave** | participle |  | the bus driver *not said here* | us |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to we=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Make sure the driver can see you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:driver:x2:1
# text = Make sure the driver can see you.
1	Make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sure *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **see** | can | the driver | you |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My dad is a careful driver.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:driver:x3:1
# text = My dad is a careful driver.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My dad | a careful driver |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The truck driver delivered the parcels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:driver:x4:1
# text = The truck driver delivered the parcels.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	parcels	parcel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deliver** | past | the truck driver | the parcels |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parcel=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A racing driver goes very fast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:driver:x5:1
# text = A racing driver goes very fast.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	racing	racing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | a racing driver |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Learner drivers have an L plate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:driver:x6:1
# text = Learner drivers have an L plate.
1	Learner	learner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	L	l	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Learner drivers | a L plate |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plate=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never get into a car with a driver you don't know.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:driver:x7:1
# text = Never get into a car with a driver you don't know.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **get** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | a car |  | with a driver | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into car=Destination |
| 2 | **not** **know** | present · do-support | you | a driver *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer driver=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Install the printer driver.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:driver:x8:1
# text = Install the printer driver.
1	Install	install	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	printer	printer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **install** | imperative | you *not said here* | the printer driver |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent driver=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the driver of the wagon?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:driver:x9:1
# text = And the driver of the wagon?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wagon	wagon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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