---
title: drone — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «drone» in the school dictionary: A drone is a small aircraft without a pilot, controlled from the ground or by a computer. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# drone

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** drone, male bee, lazy person, He, Drones, We · **What happens:** be, control, do, drone on, live off, fly · **To what, where:** small aircraft, ground, male bee, work, low steady humming sound, others

<!-- .vabout -->
«drone» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [drone in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/drone.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A drone is a small aircraft without a pilot, controlled from the ground or by a computer.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drone:m1:1
# text = A drone is a small aircraft without a pilot, controlled from the ground or by a computer.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drone	drone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	controlled	control	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a drone | a small aircraft |  |  |  | without a pilot | tree rules |
| 2 | **control** | participle | a drone *not said here* |  |  | the ground or a computer |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A drone is a male bee that does no work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drone:m2:1
# text = A drone is a male bee that does no work.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drone	drone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
10	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a drone | a male bee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present | a male bee | no work |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A drone is a low, steady humming sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drone:m3:1
# text = A drone is a low, steady humming sound.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drone	drone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	humming	humming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a drone | a low steady humming sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To drone on is to talk for a long time in a dull, boring voice.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drone:m4:1
# text = To drone on is to talk for a long time in a dull, boring voice.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	drone	drone	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	talk	talk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
13	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	boring	boring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drone on** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | time | talk *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lazy person who does no work and lives off others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drone:m5:1
# text = A lazy person who does no work and lives off others.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lazy	lazy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | a lazy person | no work |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality |
| 2 | **live off** | present | a lazy person *not said here* | others |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He flies a drone in the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drone:x1:1
# text = He flies a drone in the park.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flies	fly	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	drone	drone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | He | a drone |  | the park |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent drone=Theme in park=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drone took a photo of our school from above.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drone:x2:1
# text = The drone took a photo of our school from above.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drone	drone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	above	above	ADV	RB	_	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the drone | a photo of our school |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent photo=Theme from above=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drones must stay away from airports.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drone:x3:1
# text = Drones must stay away from airports.
1	Drones	drone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	airports	airport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay away** | must | Drones |  |  | airports |  | away *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A drone is a male bee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drone:x4:1
# text = A drone is a male bee.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drone	drone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a drone | a male bee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard the drone of a plane far away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drone:x5:1
# text = We heard the drone of a plane far away.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	drone	drone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | the drone of a plane |  |  |  | away *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer drone=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The speaker droned on for an hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drone:x6:1
# text = The speaker droned on for an hour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	speaker	speaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	droned	drone	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drone on** | participle |  | the speaker *not said here* |  |  | hour |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drones can help find lost hikers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drone:x7:1
# text = Drones can help find lost hikers.
1	Drones	drone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
5	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	hikers	hiker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | can | Drones |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | infinitive | Drones *not said here* | lost hikers |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hiker=Topic |
| 3 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They begin the New Year by going to bed, and that's a good beginning for drones.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drone:x8:1
# text = They begin the New Year by going to bed, and that's a good beginning for drones.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	begin	begin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	drones	drone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | present | They | the New Year |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent year=Eventuality |
| 2 | **go** | gerund | They *not said here* |  |  | bed |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **is a** | present | that | a good beginning |  |  |  | for drones | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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