---
title: droppings — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «droppings» in the school dictionary: The solid waste (poo) of animals and birds. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/droppings/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/) / droppings

# droppings

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Dirt, We, Mouse droppings, mice, you, Owl pellets · **What happens:** fall down, find, land, show, be, not touch · **To what, where:** rabbit droppings, field, Bird droppings, car, us, animal droppings

<!-- .vabout -->
«droppings» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [droppings in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/droppings.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The solid waste (poo) of animals and birds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:droppings:m1:1
# text = The solid waste (poo) of animals and birds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	poo	poo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dirt or rubbish that falls down from above, such as from a gutter.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:droppings:m2:1
# text = Dirt or rubbish that falls down from above, such as from a gutter.
1	Dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	above	above	ADV	RB	_	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	gutter	gutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall down** | present | Dirt or rubbish and a gutter |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from above=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We found rabbit droppings in the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:droppings:x1:1
# text = We found rabbit droppings in the field.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	droppings	dropping	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | We | rabbit droppings |  | the field |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dropping=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bird droppings landed on the car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:droppings:x2:1
# text = Bird droppings landed on the car.
1	Bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	droppings	dropping	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	landed	land	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **land** | participle |  | Bird droppings *not said here* |  | the car |  |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on car=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mouse droppings showed us there were mice in the shed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:droppings:x3:1
# text = Mouse droppings showed us there were mice in the shed.
1	Mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	droppings	dropping	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	mice	mouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Mouse droppings |  | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient |
| 2 | **be** | past | mice in the shed |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't touch animal droppings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:droppings:x4:1
# text = Don't touch animal droppings.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	touch	touch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	droppings	dropping	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **touch** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | animal droppings |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme dropping=Co-Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands after cleaning the guinea pig's cage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:droppings:x5:1
# text = Wash your hands after cleaning the guinea pig's cage.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	cleaning	clean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	guinea	guinea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	pig	pig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **clean** | gerund | you *not said here* | the guinea pig's cage |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cage=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Owl pellets are not droppings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:droppings:x6:1
# text = Owl pellets are not droppings.
1	Owl	owl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	pellets	pellet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	droppings	dropping	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | Owl pellets | droppings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had jumped into the dust-bin, where all sorts of rubbish were lying: cabbage-stalks, dust, and rain-droppings that had fallen down from the gutter under the roof.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:droppings:x7:1
# text = He had jumped into the dust-bin, where all sorts of rubbish were lying: cabbage-stalks, dust, and rain-droppings that had fallen down from the gutter under the roof.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	bin	bin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	16	advmod	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	sorts	sort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	cabbage	cabbage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	stalks	stalk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	droppings	dropping	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
29	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	27	acl:relcl	_	_
31	down	down	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	_
32	from	from	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	gutter	gutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
35	under	under	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past | He |  |  |  |  | into the dust bin *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into bin=Result |
| 2 | **lie** | past · progressive | all sorts of rubbish | cabbage stalks and dust and rain droppings |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fall down** | past · perfect | rain droppings |  |  | the gutter |  | under the roof | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under roof=Location |
| 4 | **sort** |  |  | rubbish |  |  |  |  | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [dropping](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/dropping/)
- next →: [drought](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/drought/)
- ↑ back to [D in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/)