---
title: drover — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «drover» in the school dictionary: A drover is a person who moves cattle or sheep from one place to another on foot, often over long distances. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/drover/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/) / drover

# drover

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** drover, person, Drovers, He, many days, Australian drovers · **What happens:** be, move, work, have, drive, lose · **To what, where:** person, cattle, one place, 120 sheep, 6 cows, way

<!-- .vabout -->
«drover» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [drover in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/drover.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A drover is a person who moves cattle or sheep from one place to another on foot, often over long distances.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drover:m1:1
# text = A drover is a person who moves cattle or sheep from one place to another on foot, often over long distances.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drover	drover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	often	often	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
20	over	over	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	distances	distance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a drover | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | present | a person | cattle or sheep |  | one place |  | to another; on foot; over long distances | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.agent V NP.theme PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme from place=Source to another=Trajectory on foot=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drovers were common long ago, and still work in places like Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drover:m2:1
# text = Drovers were common long ago, and still work in places like Australia.
1	Drovers	drover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
5	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Drovers |  |  |  |  | ago, common *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | present | Drovers *not said here* |  |  |  | still | in places like Australia | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in place=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drover had 120 sheep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drover:x1:1
# text = The drover had 120 sheep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drover	drover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	120	120	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the drover | 120 sheep |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He drove the cattle 15 miles a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drover:x2:1
# text = He drove the cattle 15 miles a day.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past | He | the cattle and 15 miles  a day |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drover lost 6 cows on the way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drover:x3:1
# text = The drover lost 6 cows on the way.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drover	drover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | the drover | 6 cows |  | the way |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cow=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many days to go 90 miles?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drover:x4:1
# text = How many days to go 90 miles?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	90	90	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | to-infinitive | many days | 90 miles |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drover rode a horse beside the herd.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drover:x5:1
# text = The drover rode a horse beside the herd.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drover	drover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | the drover | a horse |  | the herd |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Australian drovers moved cattle across the outback.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drover:x6:1
# text = Australian drovers moved cattle across the outback.
1	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	drovers	drover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	outback	outback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | Australian drovers | cattle |  | the outback |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme across outback=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drover's dog kept the sheep together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drover:x7:1
# text = The drover's dog kept the sheep together.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drover	drover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | the drover's dog | the sheep |  |  |  | together *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many guests were present--horse dealers, cattle drovers, and two Englishmen.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drover:x8:1
# text = Many guests were present--horse dealers, cattle drovers, and two Englishmen.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	guests	guest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	dealers	dealer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	cattle	cattle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	drovers	drover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	Englishmen	englishman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Many guests and horse dealers and cattle drovers and two Englishmen *not said here* |  |  |  |  | present *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [drove](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/drove/)
- next →: [drown](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/drown/)
- ↑ back to [D in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/)