---
title: drumbeat — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «drumbeat» in the school dictionary: The sound of a drum being hit, or a steady rhythm of such sounds. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# drumbeat

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** steady repeated message, band, I, We, soldiers, drumbeat · **What happens:** hit, repeat, keep, come, march, feel · **To what, where:** sound, drumbeat, chest, jungle, rhythm

<!-- .vabout -->
«drumbeat» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [drumbeat in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/drumbeat.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sound of a drum being hit, or a steady rhythm of such sounds.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drumbeat:m1:1
# text = The sound of a drum being hit, or a steady rhythm of such sounds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	hit	hit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	rhythm	rhythm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | gerund · passive |  | the sound of a drum |  |  |  | a steady rhythm of such sounds *obl* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A steady, repeated message or warning that keeps coming, like «a drumbeat of bad news».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drumbeat:m2:1
# text = A steady, repeated message or warning that keeps coming, like «a drumbeat of bad news».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	repeated	repeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	drumbeat	drumbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repeat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **keep** | present | a steady repeated message or warning |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | gerund | a steady repeated message or warning *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a drumbeat of bad news | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The band marched to a steady drumbeat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drumbeat:x1:1
# text = The band marched to a steady drumbeat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	marched	march	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	drumbeat	drumbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **march** | past | the band |  |  |  |  | to a steady drumbeat *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to drumbeat=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I could feel the drumbeat in my chest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drumbeat:x2:1
# text = I could feel the drumbeat in my chest.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	drumbeat	drumbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | could | I | the drumbeat |  | my chest |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent drumbeat=Theme in chest=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We clapped along to the drumbeat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drumbeat:x3:1
# text = We clapped along to the drumbeat.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	clapped	clap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	along	along	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	drumbeat	drumbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clap** | past | We |  | the drumbeat |  |  | along *property* | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to drumbeat=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soldiers moved in time with the drumbeat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drumbeat:x4:1
# text = The soldiers moved in time with the drumbeat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	drumbeat	drumbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | the soldiers |  |  |  | time | with the drumbeat | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Far away in the jungle, a drumbeat began.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drumbeat:x5:1
# text = Far away in the jungle, a drumbeat began.
1	Far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	away	away	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	jungle	jungle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	drumbeat	drumbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | a drumbeat |  |  | the jungle |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a constant drumbeat of complaints about the noise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drumbeat:x6:1
# text = There was a constant drumbeat of complaints about the noise.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	constant	constant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	drumbeat	drumbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	complaints	complaint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a constant drumbeat of complaints about the noise |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the drumbeats subsided and faintly marked the rhythm of the singing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:drumbeat:x7:1
# text = Then the drumbeats subsided and faintly marked the rhythm of the singing.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	drumbeats	drumbeat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	subsided	subside	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	faintly	faintly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	marked	mark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rhythm	rhythm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	singing	singing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subside** | past | the drumbeats |  |  |  | then |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mark** | past | the drumbeats *not said here* | the rhythm of the singing |  |  |  | faintly *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent rhythm=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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