---
title: dryness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dryness» in the school dictionary: Dryness is being dry, having little or no water or wetness. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dryness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Dryness, few plants, we, Lip balm, eyes, Cacti · **What happens:** be, have, mean, grow, show, need · **To what, where:** little, quiet faced way, water, dryness, comic dryness, laughter · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dryness» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dryness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dryness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dryness is being dry, having little or no water or wetness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dryness:m1:1
# text = Dryness is being dry, having little or no water or wetness.
1	Dryness	dryness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	wetness	wetness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Dryness |  |  |  |  | dry *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | Dryness *not said here* | little |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dryness of skin, eyes or mouth is when they feel dry and uncomfortable.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dryness:m2:1
# text = Dryness of skin, eyes or mouth is when they feel dry and uncomfortable.
1	Dryness	dryness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	uncomfortable	uncomfortable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Dryness of skin and eyes or mouth |  |  |  |  | dry, feel *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dryness of humour is a quiet, serious-faced way of being funny.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dryness:m3:1
# text = Dryness of humour is a quiet, serious-faced way of being funny.
1	Dryness	dryness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	humour	humour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
6	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	faced	faced	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
14	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Dryness of humour | a quiet faced way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | funny *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dryness of the desert means few plants can grow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dryness:x1:1
# text = The dryness of the desert means few plants can grow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dryness	dryness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the dryness of the desert |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **grow** | can | few plants |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dryness of the soil showed we needed to water the beans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dryness:x2:1
# text = The dryness of the soil showed we needed to water the beans.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dryness	dryness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the dryness of the soil |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **need** | past | we | water |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lip balm helps with dryness in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dryness:x3:1
# text = Lip balm helps with dryness in winter.
1	Lip	lip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	balm	balm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	dryness	dryness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Lip balm |  |  |  | winter | with dryness | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with dryness=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dryness of the air made my eyes itch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dryness:x4:1
# text = The dryness of the air made my eyes itch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dryness	dryness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	itch	itch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the dryness of the air |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **itch** | present | my eyes |  |  |  |  |  | vn pain-40.8.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cacti survive dryness by storing water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dryness:x5:1
# text = Cacti survive dryness by storing water.
1	Cacti	cactus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	survive	survive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dryness	dryness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	storing	store	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | present | Cacti | dryness |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme dryness=Circumstance |
| 2 | **store** | gerund | Cacti *not said here* | water |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I liked the dryness of his jokes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dryness:x6:1
# text = I liked the dryness of his jokes.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	liked	like	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dryness	dryness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	jokes	joke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | past | I | the dryness of his jokes |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot dryness=Theme |
| 2 | **joke** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom joke «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His very sorrow and melancholy did but increase the comic dryness of his sharply-cut features, and increased the laughter of the audience, who showered plaudits on their favourite.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dryness:x7:1
# text = His very sorrow and melancholy did but increase the comic dryness of his sharply-cut features, and increased the laughter of the audience, who showered plaudits on their favourite.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	melancholy	melancholy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	increase	increase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	comic	comic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	dryness	dryness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
14	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	features	feature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	increased	increase	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
28	showered	shower	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
29	plaudits	plaudit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
30	on	on	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **increase** | past · do-support | His sorrow and melancholy | the comic dryness of his cut features |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer dryness=Patient |
| 2 | **increase** | past |  | the laughter of the audience |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer laughter=Patient |
| 3 | **shower** | past | the audience | plaudits |  | sorrow's favourite |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent plaudit=Theme on favourite=Destination |
| 4 | **sorrow** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom sorrow «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **feature** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom feature «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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