---
title: dual — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dual» in the school dictionary: Having two parts, uses or sides; double. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dual

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Having, dual, cube, cousin, book, Driving schools · **What happens:** have, use, be, mean, drive, become · **To what, where:** two parts, sides, citizen, matching partner shape, duals, dual citizenship

<!-- .vabout -->
«dual» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dual in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dual.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having two parts, uses or sides; double.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dual:m1:1
# text = Having two parts, uses or sides; double.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	double	double	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | two parts |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | present | Having | sides |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
dual nationality / dual citizenship: being a citizen of two countries at the same time.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dual:m2:1
# text = dual nationality / dual citizenship: being a citizen of two countries at the same time.
1	dual	dual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	nationality	nationality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	/	/	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	dual	dual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	citizen	citizen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | gerund |  | a citizen |  |  | time | of two countries | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some topics, dual means a matching partner shape or idea (for example, a cube and an octahedron are duals).

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dual:m3:1
# text = In some topics, dual means a matching partner shape or idea (for example, a cube and an octahedron are duals).
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	topics	topic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	dual	dual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	matching	matching	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
9	partner	partner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	cube	cube	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	octahedron	octahedron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	duals	dual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | dual | a matching partner shape or idea for example |  |  |  | in some topics | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot shape=Theme in topic=Attribute |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a cube and a octahedron | duals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin has dual citizenship: Irish and Australian.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dual:x1:1
# text = My cousin has dual citizenship: Irish and Australian.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	dual	dual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My cousin | dual citizenship |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent citizenship=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This book is dual-language, English on one page and French on the other.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dual:x2:1
# text = This book is dual-language, English on one page and French on the other.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	dual	dual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this book | dual language |  | one page  French |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Driving schools use cars with dual controls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dual:x3:1
# text = Driving schools use cars with dual controls.
1	Driving	drive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	amod	_	_
2	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	dual	dual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	controls	control	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **use** | present | Driving schools | cars |  |  |  | with dual controls | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road becomes a dual carriageway after the roundabout.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dual:x4:1
# text = The road becomes a dual carriageway after the roundabout.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dual	dual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	carriageway	carriageway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	roundabout	roundabout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present | the road | a dual carriageway after the roundabout |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This tool has a dual purpose: a torch and a whistle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dual:x5:1
# text = This tool has a dual purpose: a torch and a whistle.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dual	dual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	whistle	whistle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | this tool | a dual purpose |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent purpose=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The game has a dual-screen mode.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dual:x6:1
# text = The game has a dual-screen mode.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	dual	dual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	mode	mode	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the game | a screen mode |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mode=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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