---
title: duchy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «duchy» in the school dictionary: A duchy is an area of land ruled by a duke or a duchess. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/duchy/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/) / duchy

# duchy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** duchy, William, Luxembourg, prince, duke, Duchy Originals · **What happens:** be, rule, own, get, make, protect · **To what, where:** area, special estates, Duke, duchy, Grand Duchy, money

<!-- .vabout -->
«duchy» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [duchy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/duchy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A duchy is an area of land ruled by a duke or a duchess.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:duchy:m1:1
# text = A duchy is an area of land ruled by a duke or a duchess.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	duchy	duchy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	duke	duke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	duchess	duchess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a duchy | a area |  |  |  | of land | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** | participle |  | a area *not said here* |  |  |  | by a duke or a duchess | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Duchy of Cornwall and the Duchy of Lancaster are special estates of land owned by the British royal family.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:duchy:m2:1
# text = The Duchy of Cornwall and the Duchy of Lancaster are special estates of land owned by the British royal family.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Duchy	Duchy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Cornwall	Cornwall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Duchy	Duchy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Lancaster	Lancaster	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	estates	estate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Duchy of Cornwall and the Duchy of Lancaster | special estates |  |  |  | of land | tree rules |
| 2 | **own** | participle |  | special estates *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
William was the Duke of Normandy and ruled the duchy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:duchy:x1:1
# text = William was the Duke of Normandy and ruled the duchy.
1	William	William	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Normandy	Normandy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	duchy	duchy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | the Duke |  |  |  | of Normandy | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** | past | William | the duchy |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duchy=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Luxembourg is a Grand Duchy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:duchy:x2:1
# text = Luxembourg is a Grand Duchy.
1	Luxembourg	Luxembourg	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Grand	grand	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Duchy	Duchy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Luxembourg | a Grand Duchy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prince gets money from the Duchy of Cornwall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:duchy:x3:1
# text = The prince gets money from the Duchy of Cornwall.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Duchy	Duchy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Cornwall	Cornwall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | the prince | money |  | the Duchy of Cornwall |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent money=Theme from duchy=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The duchy was smaller than a kingdom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:duchy:x4:1
# text = The duchy was smaller than a kingdom.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	duchy	duchy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the duchy |  |  |  |  | than a kingdom; small *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Germany was once made of many duchies and kingdoms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:duchy:x5:1
# text = Germany was once made of many duchies and kingdoms.
1	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	advmod	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	duchies	duchy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | Germany |  |  |  | of many duchies and kingdoms; once *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The duke protected the people of his duchy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:duchy:x6:1
# text = The duke protected the people of his duchy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	duke	duke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	protected	protect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	duchy	duchy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | past | the duke |  | the people of duke's duchy |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Duchy Originals sells biscuits from royal land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:duchy:x7:1
# text = Duchy Originals sells biscuits from royal land.
1	Duchy	duchy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Originals	original	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	biscuits	biscuit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | present | Duchy Originals | biscuits |  | royal land |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biscuit=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If only I had a duchy!’

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:duchy:x8:1
# text = If only I had a duchy!’
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	duchy	duchy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I | a duchy |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duchy=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [duchess](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/duchess/)
- next →: [duck](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/duck/)
- ↑ back to [D in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/)