---
title: dude — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dude» in the school dictionary: A man or boy; a guy: «He's a cool dude.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dude

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** boy, That, city person, man, skateboarder, You · **What happens:** be, speak, use, show, go, care · **To what, where:** cool dude, surprise, holiday, lot, footy, seat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dude» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dude in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dude.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A man or boy; a guy: «He's a cool dude.».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dude:m1:1
# text = A man or boy; a guy: «He's a cool dude.».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	guy	guy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	dude	dude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | boy | a cool dude |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A friendly way to speak to someone, especially a friend: «Hey, dude!».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dude:m2:1
# text = A friendly way to speak to someone, especially a friend: «Hey, dude!».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Hey	hey	INTJ	UH	_	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	dude	dude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to someone | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to someone=Co-Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang, interjection — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Used to show surprise, excitement, or annoyance: «Dude! That was amazing!».

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Used to show surprise, excitement, or annoyance: «Dude!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dude:m3:1
# text = Used to show surprise, excitement, or annoyance: «Dude!
1	Used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
4	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	excitement	excitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	annoyance	annoyance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Dude	dude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | surprise and excitement |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent surprise=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* That was amazing!».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dude:m3:2
# text = That was amazing!».
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	amazing	amazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | That |  |  |  |  | amazing *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old, US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A city person who goes on holiday to a ranch: «dude ranch»; or a man who cares a lot about fancy clothes.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dude:m4:1
# text = A city person who goes on holiday to a ranch: «dude ranch»; or a man who cares a lot about fancy clothes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ranch	ranch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	dude	dude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	ranch	ranch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	cares	care	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	about	about	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	fancy	fancy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | a city person or a man |  |  | holiday |  | to a ranch | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **care** | present | a man | a lot |  |  |  | about fancy clothes | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(slang) Hey dude, want to play footy?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dude:x1:1
# text = (slang) Hey dude, want to play footy?
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Hey	hey	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	_
5	dude	dude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	footy	footy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **play** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | footy |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent footy=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That skateboarder is a cool dude.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dude:x2:1
# text = That skateboarder is a cool dude.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	skateboarder	skateboarder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dude	dude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | that skateboarder | a cool dude |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dude! You scored from halfway!

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Dude!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dude:x3:1
# text = Dude!
1	Dude	dude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* You scored from halfway!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dude:x3:2
# text = You scored from halfway!
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scored	score	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	halfway	halfway	ADV	RB	_	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **score** | past | You |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from halfway=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(slang) Dude, that's my seat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dude:x4:1
# text = (slang) Dude, that's my seat.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Dude	dude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | that | my seat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some dude at the shop gave me the wrong change.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dude:x5:1
# text = Some dude at the shop gave me the wrong change.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	dude	dude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | some dude at the shop | the wrong change | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient change=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(old US) They spent a week at a dude ranch in Montana.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dude:x6:1
# text = (old US) They spent a week at a dude ranch in Montana.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	dude	dude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	ranch	ranch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Montana	Montana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | old US |  |  | a dude ranch in Montana | week |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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