---
title: dug — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dug» in the school dictionary: Dug is the past form of dig: to make a hole in the ground or move earth with a spade, hands or paws. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dug

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Dug, cat, I, dog, We, Archaeologists · **What happens:** be, make, move, mean, search, find · **To what, where:** past form, hole, ground, earth, something, claws · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dug» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dug in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dug.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dug is the past form of dig: to make a hole in the ground or move earth with a spade, hands or paws.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dug:m1:1
# text = Dug is the past form of dig: to make a hole in the ground or move earth with a spade, hands or paws.
1	Dug	Dug	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	dig	dig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
18	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	spade	spade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	paws	paw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Dug | the past form |  |  |  | of dig | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a hole |  | the ground |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hole=Product |
| 3 | **move** | infinitive |  | earth |  |  |  | with a spade and hands or paws | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent earth=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dug can mean searched for and found.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dug:m2:1
# text = Dug can mean searched for and found.
1	Dug	dug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	searched	search	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Dug |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **search** *not said to happen* | participle | Dug *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **find** | participle | Dug *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I dug out my old toys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dug:m2e:1
# text = I dug out my old toys.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dug	dig	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig out** | past | I | my old toys |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent toy=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dug in means pushed something into something: the cat dug its claws in.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dug:m3:1
# text = Dug in means pushed something into something: the cat dug its claws in.
1	Dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	pushed	push	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	dug	dig	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	claws	claw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	in	in	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig in** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **push** | participle |  | something |  | something |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent something=Theme into something=Destination |
| 4 | **dig** | past | the cat | cat's claws |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent claw=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog dug a hole in the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dug:x1:1
# text = The dog dug a hole in the garden.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dug	dig	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | past | the dog | a hole |  | the garden |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hole=Theme in garden=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We dug up potatoes from the vegetable patch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dug:x2:1
# text = We dug up potatoes from the vegetable patch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dug	dig	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	vegetable	vegetable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	patch	patch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig up** | past | We | potatoes |  | the vegetable patch |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent potato=Result from patch=Material |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Archaeologists dug up an old Viking sword.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dug:x3:1
# text = Archaeologists dug up an old Viking sword.
1	Archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	Viking	viking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig up** | participle | Archaeologists | a old Viking sword |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent sword=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I dug out my winter coat from the cupboard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dug:x4:1
# text = I dug out my winter coat from the cupboard.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dug	dig	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cupboard	cupboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig out** | past | I | my winter coat |  | the cupboard |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent coat=Result from cupboard=Material |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat dug its claws into my leg.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dug:x5:1
# text = The cat dug its claws into my leg.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dug	dig	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	claws	claw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | past | the cat | cat's claws |  |  |  | into my leg | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.patient»: agent=Agent claw=Instrument into leg=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pirates dug for treasure on the island.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dug:x6:1
# text = The pirates dug for treasure on the island.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pirates	pirate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | participle | the pirates |  |  | the island |  | for treasure | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for treasure=Theme on island=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class dug a pond for frogs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dug:x7:1
# text = Our class dug a pond for frogs.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dug	dig	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | past | Our class | a pond |  |  |  | for frogs | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent pond=Result for frog=Beneficiary |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They dug a little grave in the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dug:x8:1
# text = They dug a little grave in the garden.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dug	dig	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | past | They | a little grave |  | the garden |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent grave=Theme in garden=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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