---
title: dugout — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dugout» in the school dictionary: A dugout is a canoe made by hollowing out a tree trunk. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dugout

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dugout, players, Ancient people, soldiers, coach, substitutes · **What happens:** be, make, hollow out, dig, use, sit · **To what, where:** canoe, tree trunk, shelter, ground, war, low covered bench area

<!-- .vabout -->
«dugout» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dugout in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dugout.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dugout is a canoe made by hollowing out a tree trunk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dugout:m1:1
# text = A dugout is a canoe made by hollowing out a tree trunk.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dugout	dugout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	hollowing	hollow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dugout | a canoe |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a canoe *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **hollow out** | gerund |  | a tree trunk |  |  |  |  | vn clear-10.3 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent trunk=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dugout is a shelter dug in the ground, used by soldiers in war.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dugout:m2:1
# text = A dugout is a shelter dug in the ground, used by soldiers in war.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dugout	dugout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dugout | a shelter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dig** | participle |  | a shelter *not said here* |  | the ground |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in ground=Location |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | a shelter *not said here* |  | war |  | by soldiers | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In sports, a dugout is the low covered bench area where players and coaches sit.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dugout:m3:1
# text = In sports, a dugout is the low covered bench area where players and coaches sit.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dugout	dugout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	covered	covered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	bench	bench	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	16	advmod	_	_
13	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	coaches	coach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
16	sit	sit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dugout | the low covered bench area |  | sports |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sit** | present | players and coaches |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ancient people paddled down the river in a dugout canoe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dugout:x1:1
# text = Ancient people paddled down the river in a dugout canoe.
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	paddled	paddle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	dugout	dugout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paddle** | past | Ancient people |  |  | a dugout canoe |  | down the river | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent down river=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soldiers slept in a muddy dugout.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dugout:x2:1
# text = The soldiers slept in a muddy dugout.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slept	sleep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dugout	dugout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | past | the soldiers |  |  | a muddy dugout |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in dugout=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coach shouted from the dugout.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dugout:x3:1
# text = The coach shouted from the dugout.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dugout	dugout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | the coach |  |  | the dugout |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The substitutes waited in the dugout.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dugout:x4:1
# text = The substitutes waited in the dugout.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	substitutes	substitute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dugout	dugout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | past | the substitutes |  |  | the dugout |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dugout=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dugout is carved from one big tree trunk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dugout:x5:1
# text = A dugout is carved from one big tree trunk.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dugout	dugout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	carved	carve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
7	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carve** | present · passive |  | a dugout |  | one big tree trunk |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from trunk=Material |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum has a very old dugout found in a lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dugout:x6:1
# text = The museum has a very old dugout found in a lake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dugout	dugout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the museum | a old dugout |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dugout=Patient |
| 2 | **find** | participle |  | a old dugout *not said here* |  | a lake |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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