---
title: dummy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dummy» in the school dictionary: A dummy is a model of a person, used in shops to show clothes or in tests, like a crash-test dummy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dummy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dummy, baby, Americans, shop dummy, test dummies, we · **What happens:** be, use, show, suck, calm down, call · **To what, where:** model, shops, clothes, rubber teat, UK, baby · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dummy» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dummy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dummy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dummy is a model of a person, used in shops to show clothes or in tests, like a crash-test dummy.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dummy:m1:1
# text = A dummy is a model of a person, used in shops to show clothes or in tests, like a crash-test dummy.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dummy	dummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
15	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	14	obj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	tests	test	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	like	like	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
22	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	_	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	dummy	dummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dummy | a model |  |  |  | of a person | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  |  |  | shops |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | clothes or tests and a test dummy |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent clothes=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the UK, Australia and Ireland a dummy is a rubber teat a baby sucks to calm down; Americans call it a pacifier.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dummy:m2:1
# text = In the UK, Australia and Ireland a dummy is a rubber teat a baby sucks to calm down; Americans call it a pacifier.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dummy	dummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	teat	teat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	sucks	suck	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	calm	calm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
19	down	down	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	Americans	American	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	pacifier	pacifier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dummy | a rubber teat |  | the UK and Australia and Ireland |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **suck** | present | a baby | a rubber teat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent teat=Source |
| 3 | **calm down** | to-infinitive | a baby *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **call** | present | Americans | baby |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dummy describes something that looks real but is not, such as a dummy camera.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dummy:m3:1
# text = Dummy describes something that looks real but is not, such as a dummy camera.
1	Dummy	dummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	15	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	dummy	dummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Dummy | something |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | present |  |  |  |  |  | real *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | such a dummy camera | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some sports a dummy is a pretend move to trick another player.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dummy:m4:1
# text = In some sports a dummy is a pretend move to trick another player.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dummy	dummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	pretend	pretend	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	move	move	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	trick	trick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	csubj	_	_
12	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
13	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dummy | a pretend move |  | some sports |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **trick** | to-infinitive |  | another player |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent player=Patient |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dummy is also a rude word for a silly person.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dummy:m5:1
# text = A dummy is also a rude word for a silly person.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dummy	dummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dummy | a rude word |  |  |  | for a silly person | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby fell asleep with her dummy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dummy:x1:1
# text = The baby fell asleep with her dummy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	dummy	dummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | the baby |  |  |  |  | with baby's dummy; asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop dummy wore a red winter coat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dummy:x2:1
# text = The shop dummy wore a red winter coat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	dummy	dummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the shop dummy | a red winter coat |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coat=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crash-test dummies show why we must wear seatbelts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dummy:x3:1
# text = Crash-test dummies show why we must wear seatbelts.
1	Crash	crash	NOUN	NN	_	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	dummies	dummy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	wear	wear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
10	seatbelts	seatbelt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | test dummies |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **wear** | must | we | seatbelts |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent seatbelt=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The burglar fooled the guard with a dummy in the bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dummy:x4:1
# text = The burglar fooled the guard with a dummy in the bed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	burglar	burglar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fooled	fool	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	guard	guard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dummy	dummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fool** | past | the burglar | the guard |  |  |  | with a dummy in the bed | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent guard=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The camera on the wall is just a dummy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dummy:x5:1
# text = The camera on the wall is just a dummy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dummy	dummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the camera on the wall | a dummy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sold the defender a dummy and scored.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dummy:x6:1
# text = He sold the defender a dummy and scored.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	defender	defender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dummy	dummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	scored	score	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | He | the defender |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent defender=Recipient dummy=Theme |
| 2 | **score** | participle | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We did a dummy run of the fire drill first.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dummy:x7:1
# text = We did a dummy run of the fire drill first.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	dummy	dummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	run	run	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	drill	drill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | We | a dummy run of the fire drill |  |  |  | first *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent run=Eventuality |
| 2 | **run** |  |  | the fire drill |  |  |  |  | nom run «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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