---
title: dune — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dune» in the school dictionary: A dune is a hill or ridge of sand piled up by the wind, in a desert or near the sea. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dune

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dune, We, wind, you, Camels, dunes · **What happens:** be, pile up, climb, shape, keep, protect · **To what, where:** hill, sand, sand dunes, beach, dunes, desert

<!-- .vabout -->
«dune» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dune in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dune.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dune is a hill or ridge of sand piled up by the wind, in a desert or near the sea.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dune:m1:1
# text = A dune is a hill or ridge of sand piled up by the wind, in a desert or near the sea.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dune	dune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	ridge	ridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	piled	pile	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	near	near	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dune | a hill or ridge of sand |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pile up** | participle |  | sand *not said here* |  |  |  | by the wind | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme by wind=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We climbed the sand dunes behind the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dune:x1:1
# text = We climbed the sand dunes behind the beach.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dunes	dune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | We | the sand dunes |  | the beach |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind shapes the dunes in the desert.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dune:x2:1
# text = The wind shapes the dunes in the desert.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shapes	shape	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dunes	dune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | present | the wind | the dunes |  | the desert |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset dune=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please keep to the path to protect the dunes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dune:x3:1
# text = Please keep to the path to protect the dunes.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dunes	dune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the path | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the dunes |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dune=Beneficiary |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Camels walked slowly over the dunes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dune:x4:1
# text = Camels walked slowly over the dunes.
1	Camels	camel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dunes	dune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | Camels |  |  | the dunes |  | slowly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over dune=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some dunes are taller than a house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dune:x5:1
# text = Some dunes are taller than a house.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	dunes	dune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	taller	tall	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some dunes |  |  |  |  | than a house; tall *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We rolled down the soft dune.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dune:x6:1
# text = We rolled down the soft dune.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rolled	roll	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dune	dune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll down** | past | We | the soft dune |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dune=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grass grows on the dunes and holds the sand in place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dune:x7:1
# text = Grass grows on the dunes and holds the sand in place.
1	Grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dunes	dune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Grass |  |  | the dunes |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on dune=Location |
| 2 | **hold** | present | Grass *not said here* | the sand |  | place |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent sand=Theme in place=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He went out and walked towards the dunes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dune:x8:1
# text = He went out and walked towards the dunes.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dunes	dune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go out** | past | He |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **walk** | past | He *not said here* |  |  | the dunes |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards dune=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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