---
title: dunghill — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dunghill» in the school dictionary: A dunghill is a heap of animal dung and rotting waste kept outside a farm. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dunghill

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**Who acts:** dunghill · **What happens:** be, rot, keep, throw out, sleep, pile up · **To what, where:** heap, rotting waste, farm, cow, dunghill, farm cat

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«dunghill» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dunghill in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dunghill.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dunghill is a heap of animal dung and rotting waste kept outside a farm.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dunghill:m1:1
# text = A dunghill is a heap of animal dung and rotting waste kept outside a farm.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dunghill	dunghill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	dung	dung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
11	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dunghill | a heap |  |  |  | of animal dung and rotting waste | tree rules |
| 2 | **rot** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **keep** | participle |  | rotting waste *not said here* |  | a farm |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent outside farm=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cow was thrown out upon a dunghill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dunghill:x1:1
# text = The cow was thrown out upon a dunghill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dunghill	dunghill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw out** | past · passive |  | the cow |  | a dunghill |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme upon dunghill=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farm cat slept on the warm dunghill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dunghill:x2:1
# text = The farm cat slept on the warm dunghill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	slept	sleep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	dunghill	dunghill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | participle |  | the farm cat *not said here* |  | the warm dunghill |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rubbish was piled up like a dunghill behind the barn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dunghill:x3:1
# text = The rubbish was piled up like a dunghill behind the barn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	piled	pile	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dunghill	dunghill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	barn	barn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pile up** | past · passive |  | the rubbish |  |  |  | like a dunghill behind the barn | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: subject=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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