---
title: durability — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «durability» in the school dictionary: Durability is how long something lasts and how well it stands up to use, wear and damage. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/durability/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/) / durability

# durability

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Durability, something, design, We, boots, Stone · **What happens:** be, last, stand up, use, wear, damage · **To what, where:** property, science, durability, fabrics, Plastic, castle walls

<!-- .vabout -->
«durability» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [durability in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/durability.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Durability is how long something lasts and how well it stands up to use, wear and damage.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durability:m1:1
# text = Durability is how long something lasts and how well it stands up to use, wear and damage.
1	Durability	durability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
6	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	wear	wear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Durability |  |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **last** | present | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **stand up** | present | Durability |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **use** | to-infinitive | Durability *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **wear** | infinitive | Durability *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **damage** | infinitive | Durability *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In science and design it is a property of a material, like strength or flexibility.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durability:m2:1
# text = In science and design it is a property of a material, like strength or flexibility.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	design	design	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	property	property	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	flexibility	flexibility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | design | a property and strength or flexibility |  | science and design |  | of a material | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tested the durability of three fabrics by rubbing them with sandpaper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durability:x1:1
# text = We tested the durability of three fabrics by rubbing them with sandpaper.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tested	test	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	durability	durability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	fabrics	fabric	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	rubbing	rub	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	sandpaper	sandpaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | past | We | the durability of three fabrics |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent durability=Theme |
| 2 | **rub** | gerund | We *not said here* | fabrics *= fabric* |  |  |  | with sandpaper | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Destination with sandpaper=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plastic is chosen for lunch boxes because of its durability.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durability:x2:1
# text = Plastic is chosen for lunch boxes because of its durability.
1	Plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	chosen	choose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	boxes	box	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	durability	durability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | present · passive |  | Plastic |  |  |  | for lunch boxes; because Plastic's durability | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for box=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
These boots are famous for their durability.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durability:x3:1
# text = These boots are famous for their durability.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	durability	durability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this boots |  |  |  |  | for boots's durability; famous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stone gives the castle walls great durability.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durability:x4:1
# text = Stone gives the castle walls great durability.
1	Stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	durability	durability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Stone | the castle walls |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent wall=Recipient durability=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The durability of the toy was poor; it broke in a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durability:x5:1
# text = The durability of the toy was poor; it broke in a day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	durability	durability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the durability of the toy |  |  |  |  | poor *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **break** | past | durability |  |  |  | day |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Engineers check the durability of a bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durability:x6:1
# text = Engineers check the durability of a bridge.
1	Engineers	engineer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	check	check	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	durability	durability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | present | Engineers | the durability of a bridge |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent durability=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The clay figure was lifelike and beautiful, but it had not the whiteness or the durability of marble.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durability:x7:1
# text = "The clay figure was lifelike and beautiful, but it had not the whiteness or the durability of marble.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	lifelike	lifelike	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	whiteness	whiteness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	durability	durability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	marble	marble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | past | the clay figure |  |  |  |  | lifelike *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** *in a quote* |  | the clay figure *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** *in a quote* | past | figure | the whiteness or the durability of marble |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whiteness=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [duplication](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/duplication/)
- next →: [durable](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/durable/)
- ↑ back to [D in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/)