---
title: durian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «durian» in the school dictionary: A durian is a big, spiky tropical fruit from Southeast Asia with soft, creamy flesh inside. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# durian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** durian, It, people, many, its, we · **What happens:** be, love, find, smell, cover, open · **To what, where:** big spiky tropical fruit, Southeast Asia, durian, windows, signs, Singapore · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«durian» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [durian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/durian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A durian is a big, spiky tropical fruit from Southeast Asia with soft, creamy flesh inside.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durian:m1:1
# text = A durian is a big, spiky tropical fruit from Southeast Asia with soft, creamy flesh inside.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	durian	durian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	spiky	spiky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	tropical	tropical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	Southeast	Southeast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	creamy	creamy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
18	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a durian | a big spiky tropical fruit |  | Southeast Asia |  | with soft creamy flesh | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is famous for its very strong smell, which some people love and many find awful.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durian:m2:1
# text = It is famous for its very strong smell, which some people love and many find awful.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
11	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	nsubj	_	_
16	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
17	awful	awful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | for its strong smell; famous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **love** | present | some people |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus |
| 3 | **find** | present | many |  |  |  |  | awful *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **smell** |  | its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom smell «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A durian is covered in sharp spikes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durian:x1:1
# text = A durian is covered in sharp spikes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	durian	durian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	spikes	spike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive |  | a durian |  |  |  | in sharp spikes | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in spike=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The durian smelled so strong we opened the windows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durian:x2:1
# text = The durian smelled so strong we opened the windows.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	durian	durian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | past | the durian |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **open** | past | we | the windows |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Singapore some trains have signs saying no durians.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durian:x3:1
# text = In Singapore some trains have signs saying no durians.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Singapore	Singapore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	trains	train	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	durians	durian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some trains | signs |  | Singapore |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | signs *not said here* | no durians |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent durian=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People call the durian the king of fruits.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durian:x4:1
# text = People call the durian the king of fruits.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	durian	durian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	fruits	fruit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | People | the durian |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent durian=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend from Malaysia loves durian ice cream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durian:x5:1
# text = My friend from Malaysia loves durian ice cream.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Malaysia	Malaysia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	durian	durian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | My friend from Malaysia | durian ice cream |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cream=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carry a durian carefully, the spikes can hurt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:durian:x6:1
# text = Carry a durian carefully, the spikes can hurt.
1	Carry	carry	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	durian	durian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	spikes	spike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | imperative | you *not said here* | a durian |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent durian=Theme |
| 2 | **hurt** | can | the spikes |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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