---
title: dusky — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dusky» in the school dictionary: Rather dark, as at dusk, the time when evening turns into night. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/dusky/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/) / dusky

# dusky

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** evening, use, dusky sky, We, She, dusky dolphin · **What happens:** turn, use, describe, be, not use, walk · **To what, where:** old books, people, dusky lane, dusky pink dress, New Zealand, dusky garden

<!-- .vabout -->
«dusky» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dusky in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dusky.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rather dark, as at dusk, the time when evening turns into night.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusky:m1:1
# text = Rather dark, as at dusk, the time when evening turns into night.
1	Rather	rather	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dusk	dusk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	12	mark	_	_
11	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | evening |  |  |  | night |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark or dim in colour: «dusky pink», «dusky blue».

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusky:m2:1
# text = Dark or dim in colour: «dusky pink», «dusky blue».
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	dim	dim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	dusky	dusky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	dusky	dusky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old, now offensive — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Used in old books to describe people with dark skin; this use is hurtful today and should not be used.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusky:m3:1
# text = Used in old books to describe people with dark skin; this use is hurtful today and should not be used.
1	Used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	describe	describe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	hurtful	hurtful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	_
16	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl:unmarked	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  | old books |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **describe** | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  | with dark skin | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | this use |  |  |  | today | hurtful *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **use** | should · passive | this use *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dusky sky was full of bats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusky:x1:1
# text = The dusky sky was full of bats.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dusky	dusky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the dusky sky |  |  |  |  | of bats; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We walked home through the dusky lane.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusky:x2:1
# text = We walked home through the dusky lane.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	home	home	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dusky	dusky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lane	lane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | We |  |  | the dusky lane |  | home *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through lane=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wore a dusky pink dress.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusky:x3:1
# text = She wore a dusky pink dress.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	dusky	dusky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dress	dress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | She | a dusky pink dress |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent dress=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dusky dolphin lives near New Zealand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusky:x4:1
# text = The dusky dolphin lives near New Zealand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dusky	dusky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	near	near	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
7	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the dusky dolphin |  |  | New Zealand |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near zealand=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The room grew dusky as the sun went down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusky:x5:1
# text = The room grew dusky as the sun went down.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	dusky	dusky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	down	down	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | the room |  |  |  |  | dusky *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go down** | past | the sun |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moths came out in the dusky garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusky:x6:1
# text = Moths came out in the dusky garden.
1	Moths	moth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dusky	dusky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come out** | past | Moths |  |  | the dusky garden |  | out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At last the sun went down behind the pine tops, and it was cool and dusky in the great wood.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusky:x7:1
# text = At last the sun went down behind the pine tops, and it was cool and dusky in the great wood.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	tops	top	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	dusky	dusky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go down** | past | the last sun |  |  | the pine tops |  | down *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme behind top=Location |
| 2 | **is** | past | sun |  |  |  |  | cool *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | sun *not said here* |  |  | the great wood |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [dusk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/dusk/)
- next →: [dust](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/dust/)
- ↑ back to [D in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/)