---
title: dusty — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dusty» in the school dictionary: Dusty means covered with dust, the dry powder of dirt that collects on things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dusty

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Dusty, dirt, dusty road, books, We, you · **What happens:** mean, cover, collect, be, describe, drive · **To what, where:** things, dull greyish colour, dusty road, dusty shelves, me, dusty pink dress · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dusty» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dusty in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dusty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dusty means covered with dust, the dry powder of dirt that collects on things.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusty:m1:1
# text = Dusty means covered with dust, the dry powder of dirt that collects on things.
1	Dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	collects	collect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Dusty |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with dust | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with dust=Theme |
| 3 | **collect** | present | dirt |  |  | things |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dusty road or place is dry with lots of loose dirt in the air.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusty:m2:1
# text = A dusty road or place is dry with lots of loose dirt in the air.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	loose	loose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a dusty road or place |  |  |  |  | with lots of loose dirt in the air; dry *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dusty can describe a dull, greyish colour, like dusty pink.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusty:m3:1
# text = Dusty can describe a dull, greyish colour, like dusty pink.
1	Dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	greyish	greyish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	pink	pink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can |  | a dull greyish colour and dusty pink |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent colour=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The books in the attic were old and dusty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusty:x1:1
# text = The books in the attic were old and dusty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	attic	attic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the books in the attic |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the books in the attic *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drove along a dusty road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusty:x2:1
# text = We drove along a dusty road.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	along	along	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past | We |  |  | a dusty road |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent along road=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please wipe the dusty shelves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusty:x3:1
# text = Please wipe the dusty shelves.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	wipe	wipe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	shelves	shelf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wipe** | imperative | you *not said here* | the dusty shelves |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shelf=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His boots were dusty after the walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusty:x4:1
# text = His boots were dusty after the walk.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His boots |  |  |  | after the walk | dusty *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The empty house smelled dusty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusty:x5:1
# text = The empty house smelled dusty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | past | the empty house |  |  |  |  | dusty *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dusty air makes me sneeze.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusty:x6:1
# text = Dusty air makes me sneeze.
1	Dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	sneeze	sneeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Dusty air | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sneeze** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wore a dusty pink dress.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusty:x7:1
# text = She wore a dusty pink dress.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dress	dress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | She | a dusty pink dress |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent dress=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody had opened the dusty box for years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusty:x8:1
# text = Nobody had opened the dusty box for years.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	opened	open	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past · perfect | Nobody | the dusty box |  |  | for years |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location box=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two Travellers were walking along a bare and dusty road in the heat of a summer's day.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dusty:x9:1
# text = Two Travellers were walking along a bare and dusty road in the heat of a summer's day.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	Travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	along	along	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past · progressive | Two Travellers |  |  | a bare road in the heat of a summer's day |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along road=Trajectory |
| 2 | **heat** |  | a summer's day |  |  |  |  |  | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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