---
title: dye — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dye» in the school dictionary: A dye is a substance used to change the colour of cloth, hair, food or other things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dye

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dye, We, water, Mum, Onion skins, brothers · **What happens:** be, use, change, dye, mean, soak in · **To what, where:** substance, colour, something, Dyes, plants, blue food dye · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dye» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dye in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dye.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dye is a substance used to change the colour of cloth, hair, food or other things.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dye:m1:1
# text = A dye is a substance used to change the colour of cloth, hair, food or other things.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dye	dye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dye | a substance |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a substance *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **change** | to-infinitive |  | the colour of cloth and hair and food or other things |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To dye something means to change its colour by soaking it in, or covering it with, a dye.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dye:m2:1
# text = To dye something means to change its colour by soaking it in, or covering it with, a dye.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	dye	dye	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	soaking	soak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	covering	cover	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	dye	dye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dye** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **change** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | its colour |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |
| 4 | **soak in** | gerund |  | colour |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 5 | **cover** | gerund |  | colour |  |  |  | with a dye | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Destination with dye=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dyes can be made from plants, insects or chemicals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dye:m3:1
# text = Dyes can be made from plants, insects or chemicals.
1	Dyes	dye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	chemicals	chemical	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can · passive |  | Dyes |  | plants and insects or chemicals |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from plant=Material |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We used blue food dye to show water climbing up the celery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dye:x1:1
# text = We used blue food dye to show water climbing up the celery.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dye	dye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	celery	celery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | We | blue food dye |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dye=Patient |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | water |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent water=Recipient |
| 3 | **climb up** | gerund | water *not said here* | the celery |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location celery=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum dyed her hair red.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dye:x2:1
# text = Mum dyed her hair red.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dyed	dye	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dye** | past | Mum | Mum's hair |  |  |  | red *property* | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tie-dyed T-shirts at summer camp.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dye:x3:1
# text = We tie-dyed T-shirts at summer camp.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tie	tie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	dyed	dye	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
5	T	t	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	shirts	shirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie** | present | We | dyed T shirts |  | summer camp |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shirt=Patient |
| 2 | **dye** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Onion skins make a yellow-brown dye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dye:x4:1
# text = Onion skins make a yellow-brown dye.
1	Onion	onion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	skins	skin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	dye	dye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Onion skins | a brown dye |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset dye=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dye ran in the wash and turned my socks pink.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dye:x5:1
# text = The dye ran in the wash and turned my socks pink.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dye	dye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wash	wash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	socks	sock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the dye |  |  | the wash |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wash=Trajectory |
| 2 | **turn** | past | the dye *not said here* | my socks |  |  |  | pink *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent sock=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long ago, purple dye was worn only by rulers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dye:x6:1
# text = Long ago, purple dye was worn only by rulers.
1	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	purple	purple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	dye	dye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	rulers	ruler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past · passive |  | purple dye |  |  |  | by rulers; ago *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We dyed eggs bright colours for Easter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dye:x7:1
# text = We dyed eggs bright colours for Easter.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dyed	dye	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Easter	Easter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dye** | past | We | eggs |  |  |  |  | vn coloring-24 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent egg=Patient colour=Result |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But as for his elder brothers they did nothing but exercise their horses, and curl their hair, and dye their mustaches.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dye:x8:1
# text = But as for his elder brothers they did nothing but exercise their horses, and curl their hair, and dye their mustaches.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	2	fixed	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	elder	elder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	8	obj	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	exercise	exercise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	curl	curl	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	dye	dye	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	mustaches	mustache	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | brothers *= brother* | nothing |  |  |  | as his elder brothers | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality |
| 2 | **exercise** | present | brothers *= brother* *not said here* | brothers's horses |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient |
| 3 | **curl** | present |  | brothers's hair |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient |
| 4 | **dye** | present |  | brothers's mustaches |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mustache=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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