---
title: earl — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «earl» in the school dictionary: A British nobleman of high rank, below a marquess and above a viscount. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# earl

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** powerful lord, earl, Harold Earl, daughter · **What happens:** rule, live, be, become, call, say · **To what, where:** large area, huge castle, Harold Earl, king, wife, Earl · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«earl» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [earl in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/earl.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A British nobleman of high rank, below a marquess and above a viscount.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:earl:m1:1
# text = A British nobleman of high rank, below a marquess and above a viscount.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	nobleman	nobleman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rank	rank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	below	below	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	marquess	marquess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	above	above	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	viscount	viscount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In early England, a powerful lord who ruled a large area for the king.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:earl:m2:1
# text = In early England, a powerful lord who ruled a large area for the king.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | a powerful lord | a large area |  |  |  | for the king | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent area=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The earl lived in a huge castle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:earl:x1:1
# text = The earl lived in a huge castle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	earl	earl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the earl |  |  | a huge castle |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in castle=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Harold was Earl of Wessex before he became king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:earl:x2:1
# text = Harold was Earl of Wessex before he became king.
1	Harold	Harold	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	Earl	Earl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Wessex	Wessex	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | Harold Earl |  |  |  | of Wessex | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | past | Harold Earl | king |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An earl's wife is called a countess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:earl:x3:1
# text = An earl's wife is called a countess.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	earl	earl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	countess	countess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | a earl's wife |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earl of Sandwich is said to have given the sandwich its name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:earl:x4:1
# text = The Earl of Sandwich is said to have given the sandwich its name.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earl	Earl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Sandwich	Sandwich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux	_	_
9	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	xcomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sandwich	sandwich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | the Earl of Sandwich |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive · perfect |  | the sandwich |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent sandwich=Recipient name=Theme |
| 3 | **name** |  | Earl |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The earl owned all the land around the village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:earl:x5:1
# text = The earl owned all the land around the village.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	earl	earl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	owned	own	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	around	around	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | past | the earl | all land |  | the village |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot land=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Earl is also a first name, as in Earl Grey tea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:earl:x6:1
# text = Earl is also a first name, as in Earl Grey tea.
1	Earl	Earl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	Earl	Earl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
11	Grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Earl | a first name and Earl Grey tea |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One fine summer's day Earl Mar's daughter went into the castle garden, dancing and tripping along.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:earl:x7:1
# text = One fine summer's day Earl Mar's daughter went into the castle garden, dancing and tripping along.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
2	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	Earl	Earl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	_
7	Mar	March	PROPN	NNP	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
9	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	dancing	dance	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	tripping	trip	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	conj	_	_
19	along	along	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Earl's daughter |  |  | the castle garden | day |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into garden=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **dance** | gerund | Earl's daughter *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **trip** | gerund | Earl's daughter *not said here* |  |  |  |  | along *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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