---
title: ecological — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ecological» in the school dictionary: Ecological means to do with ecology, the study of how living things live together and depend on each other and on their surroundings. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ecological

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ecological, Cutting, Bees, oil spill, ecological footprint, we · **What happens:** mean, do, live together, depend, care, cut down · **To what, where:** study, forest, ecological damage, big ecological role, flowers, ecological disaster · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ecological» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ecological in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ecological.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ecological means to do with ecology, the study of how living things live together and depend on each other and on their surroundings.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ecological:m1:1
# text = Ecological means to do with ecology, the study of how living things live together and depend on each other and on their surroundings.
1	Ecological	ecological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ecology	ecology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
12	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
14	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
15	together	together	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	depend	depend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	17	obl	_	_
20	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	fixed	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Ecological |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with ecology | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **live together** | present |  | the study |  |  |  | of living things; together *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **depend** | present |  |  |  |  |  | on each | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on each=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ecological also means caring for nature and the environment, as in ecological farming.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ecological:m2:1
# text = Ecological also means caring for nature and the environment, as in ecological farming.
1	Ecological	ecological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	caring	care	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	environment	environment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	ecological	ecological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Ecological |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **care** *not said to happen* | gerund | Ecological *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for nature and the environment; as ecological farming | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for nature=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cutting down the forest caused ecological damage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ecological:x1:1
# text = Cutting down the forest caused ecological damage.
1	Cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	down	down	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	ecological	ecological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut down** | gerund |  | the forest |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset forest=Product |
| 2 | **cause** | past | Cutting | ecological damage |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition damage=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bees play a big ecological role by pollinating flowers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ecological:x2:1
# text = Bees play a big ecological role by pollinating flowers.
1	Bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	play	play	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	ecological	ecological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	role	role	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	pollinating	pollinate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
9	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | Bees | a big ecological role |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent role=Theme |
| 2 | **pollinate** | gerund | Bees *not said here* | flowers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The oil spill was an ecological disaster for the birds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ecological:x3:1
# text = The oil spill was an ecological disaster for the birds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	spill	spill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	ecological	ecological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	disaster	disaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the oil spill | a ecological disaster |  |  |  | for the birds | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ecological footprint shows how much of the Earth's resources we use.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ecological:x4:1
# text = An ecological footprint shows how much of the Earth's resources we use.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ecological	ecological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	footprint	footprint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	resources	resource	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
12	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a ecological footprint | much |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent much=Recipient |
| 2 | **use** | present | we | the Earth's resources *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent resource=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pond is a small ecological system with frogs, snails and plants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ecological:x5:1
# text = The pond is a small ecological system with frogs, snails and plants.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	ecological	ecological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	snails	snail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the pond | a small ecological system |  |  |  | with frogs and snails and plants | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school garden uses ecological ways to stop pests, like ladybirds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ecological:x6:1
# text = Our school garden uses ecological ways to stop pests, like ladybirds.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	ecological	ecological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	pests	pest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	ladybirds	ladybird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Our school garden | ecological ways |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Patient |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | Our school garden *not said here* | pests |  |  |  | like ladybirds | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality pest=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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