---
title: economical — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «economical» in the school dictionary: Using money, fuel, time or materials carefully without waste. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# economical

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** big box, new car, glue, Walking, He, matter · **What happens:** use, run, give, not tell, be, last · **To what, where:** money, good value, whole truth, petrol, economical way, matter · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«economical» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [economical in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/economical.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Using money, fuel, time or materials carefully without waste.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economical:m1:1
# text = Using money, fuel, time or materials carefully without waste.
1	Using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	materials	material	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
9	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
10	without	without	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | gerund |  | money |  |  |  | without waste; fuel and time or materials *obl*; carefully *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheap to run or use, giving good value.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economical:m2:1
# text = Cheap to run or use, giving good value.
1	Cheap	cheap	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **give** | gerund |  | good value |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent value=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
economical with the truth (informal, humorous): not telling the whole truth.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economical:m3:1
# text = economical with the truth (informal, humorous): not telling the whole truth.
1	economical	economical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	humorous	humorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | the whole truth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The big box of cereal is more economical than two small ones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economical:x1:1
# text = The big box of cereal is more economical than two small ones.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	cereal	cereal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
8	economical	economical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
11	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the big box of cereal |  |  |  |  | than two small ones; economical *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our new car is very economical on petrol.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economical:x2:1
# text = Our new car is very economical on petrol.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	economical	economical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	petrol	petrol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Our new car |  |  | petrol |  | economical *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be economical with the glue so it lasts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economical:x3:1
# text = Be economical with the glue so it lasts.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	economical	economical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	csubj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	glue	glue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the glue; economical *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **last** | present | glue |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which is more economical: 6 eggs for 3 dollars or 12 eggs for 5 dollars?

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economical:x4:1
# text = Which is more economical: 6 eggs for 3 dollars or 12 eggs for 5 dollars?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
4	economical	economical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | 6 eggs for 3 dollars for 5 dollars or 12 eggs *obl*; economical *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Walking is the most economical way to get to school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economical:x5:1
# text = Walking is the most economical way to get to school.
1	Walking	walking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	economical	economical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Walking | the economical way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to school *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to school=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was being economical with the truth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economical:x6:1
# text = He was being economical with the truth.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	economical	economical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | with the truth; economical *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No matter what was put into it, it cooked deliciously whatever was wanted without any firing—truly a very economical saucepan.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economical:x7:1
# text = No matter what was put into it, it cooked deliciously whatever was wanted without any firing—truly a very economical saucepan.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	cooked	cook	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	deliciously	deliciously	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	wanted	want	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	ccomp	_	_
15	without	without	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	det	_	_
17	firing	firing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	very	very	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	economical	economical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	saucepan	saucepan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past · passive |  | no matter |  | it |  | a economical saucepan *obl* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal |
| 2 | **cook** | past | matter |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **want** | past · passive |  | whatever |  |  |  | without any firing | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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