---
title: economise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «economise» in the school dictionary: To economise is to spend less money or use less of something so that you save. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/E/economise/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [E](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/E/) / economise

# economise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, We, Mum, I, family, Dad · **What happens:** economise, be, use, save, turn off, not use · **To what, where:** something, one thing, lights, snacks, school, paper

<!-- .vabout -->
«economise» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [economise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/economise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To economise is to spend less money or use less of something so that you save.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economise:m1:1
# text = To economise is to spend less money or use less of something so that you save.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	economise	economise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	spend	spend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	_
13	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	16	mark	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	save	save	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **economise** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | spend *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **save** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To economise on something is to cut back on that one thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economise:m2:1
# text = To economise on something is to cut back on that one thing.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	economise	economise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **economise** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | something |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | that one thing |  | cut *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We economise by turning off lights we are not using.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economise:x1:1
# text = We economise by turning off lights we are not using.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	economise	economise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **economise** | present | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn off** | gerund | We *not said here* | lights |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent light=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **use** | present · progressive | we | lights *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum is economising on snacks this month.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economise:x2:1
# text = Mum is economising on snacks this month.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	economising	economise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	snacks	snack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **economise** | present · progressive | Mum |  |  | snacks | month |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school economised on paper by printing on both sides.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economise:x3:1
# text = The school economised on paper by printing on both sides.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	economised	economise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	printing	print	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **economise** | participle |  | the school *not said here* |  | paper |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **print** | gerund |  |  |  | both sides |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on side=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To save for the trip, I economised by not buying sweets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economise:x4:1
# text = To save for the trip, I economised by not buying sweets.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	save	save	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	economised	economise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	buying	buy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
12	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for the trip | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent for trip=Source |
| 2 | **economise** | participle | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **buy** | gerund | I *not said here* | sweets |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The family had to economise after Dad lost his job.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economise:x5:1
# text = The family had to economise after Dad lost his job.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	economise	economise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the family |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **economise** | to-infinitive | the family *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lose** | past | Dad | Dad's job |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality |
| 4 | **job** |  | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Campers economise on water in the desert.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:economise:x6:1
# text = Campers economise on water in the desert.
1	Campers	camper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	economise	economise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **economise** | present | Campers |  |  | water |  | in the desert | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [economics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/E/economics/)
- next →: [economist](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/E/economist/)
- ↑ back to [E in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/E/)