---
title: edict — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «edict» in the school dictionary: An official order or rule given by a king, emperor, government or other ruler. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# edict

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** emperor, people, Edict, forest, Buddhist temples, flood · **What happens:** give, issue, pay, worship, belong, refuse · **To what, where:** rule, edict, Christians freedom, unfair edict, town square, Imperial Edict · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«edict» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [edict in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/edict.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An official order or rule given by a king, emperor, government or other ruler.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:edict:m1:1
# text = An official order or rule given by a king, emperor, government or other ruler.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | participle |  | rule *not said here* |  |  |  | by a king and emperor and government or other ruler | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any strict order from someone in charge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:edict:m2:1
# text = Any strict order from someone in charge.
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	strict	strict	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The emperor issued an edict that all people must pay a new tax.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:edict:x1:1
# text = The emperor issued an edict that all people must pay a new tax.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	issued	issue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	edict	edict	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obj	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **issue** | past | the emperor | a edict |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location edict=Theme |
| 2 | **pay** | must | all people | a edict |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent that=Recipient tax=Asset |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Edict of Milan in 313 gave Christians freedom to worship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:edict:x2:1
# text = The Edict of Milan in 313 gave Christians freedom to worship.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Edict	Edict	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Milan	Milan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	313	313	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	_
7	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	compound	_	_
9	freedom	freedom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	worship	worship	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the Edict of Milan in 313 | Christians freedom |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent freedom=Theme |
| 2 | **worship** | to-infinitive | the Edict of Milan in 313 *not said here* | Christians freedom *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By royal edict, the forest belonged to the king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:edict:x3:1
# text = By royal edict, the forest belonged to the king.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	edict	edict	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	belonged	belong	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | past | the forest |  |  |  |  | by royal edict; to the king | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum's new edict: no phones at the table!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:edict:x4:1
# text = Mum's new edict: no phones at the table!
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	edict	edict	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The people refused to obey the unfair edict.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:edict:x5:1
# text = The people refused to obey the unfair edict.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	obey	obey	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	edict	edict	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | the people |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **obey** | to-infinitive | the people *not said here* | the unfair edict |  |  |  |  | vn abide\_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edict=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The edict was read out in the town square.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:edict:x6:1
# text = The edict was read out in the town square.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	edict	edict	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read out** | past · passive |  | the edict |  | the town square |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An Imperial Edict was sent forth to all the Buddhist temples commanding the priests to offer up continuous prayers to Heaven to stop the noise of the flood.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:edict:x7:1
# text = An Imperial Edict was sent forth to all the Buddhist temples commanding the priests to offer up continuous prayers to Heaven to stop the noise of the flood.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Imperial	imperial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Edict	edict	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	11	det:predet	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	temples	temple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
12	commanding	command	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	continuous	continuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past · passive |  | a Imperial Edict |  | all Buddhist temples |  | forth *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to temple=Destination |
| 2 | **command** | gerund | all Buddhist temples *not said here* | the priests |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent priest=Eventuality |
| 3 | **offer up** | to-infinitive | all Buddhist temples *not said here* | continuous prayers | Heaven |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent prayer=Theme to heaven=Goal |
| 4 | **stop** | to-infinitive | all Buddhist temples *not said here* | the noise of the flood |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality noise=Eventuality |
| 5 | **noise** |  | the flood |  |  |  |  |  | nom noise «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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