---
title: effects — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «effects» in the school dictionary: Changes or results that happen because of something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# effects

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** results, storm, medicine, film, We, our · **What happens:** happen, be, see, effect, have, feel · **To what, where:** effects, side effects, amazing special effects, salt, bad effects, sleep

<!-- .vabout -->
«effects» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [effects in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/effects.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Changes or results that happen because of something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:effects:m1:1
# text = Changes or results that happen because of something.
1	Changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	happen	happen	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | results |  |  |  |  | because something | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Special sounds, lights or pictures in films, plays and games («special effects»).

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:effects:m2:1
# text = Special sounds, lights or pictures in films, plays and games («special effects»).
1	Special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	films	film	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	plays	play	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person's belongings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:effects:m3:1
# text = A person's belongings.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	belongings	belonging	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What are the effects of exercise on your heart?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:effects:x1:1
# text = What are the effects of exercise on your heart?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the effects |  |  |  | of exercise on your heart | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm's effects could be seen all over town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:effects:x2:1
# text = The storm's effects could be seen all over town.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	all	all	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	over	over	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could · passive |  | the storm's effects |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **effect** |  | the storm |  |  |  |  |  | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This medicine may have side effects, like feeling sleepy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:effects:x3:1
# text = This medicine may have side effects, like feeling sleepy.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
10	sleepy	sleepy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | may | this medicine | side effects |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |
| 2 | **feel** | gerund | this medicine *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sleepy *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film had amazing special effects.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:effects:x4:1
# text = The film had amazing special effects.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	amazing	amazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the film | amazing special effects |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tested the effects of salt on ice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:effects:x5:1
# text = We tested the effects of salt on ice.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tested	test	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | past | We | the effects of salt on ice |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Theme |
| 2 | **effect** |  |  | salt on ice |  |  |  |  | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much screen time can have bad effects on sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:effects:x6:1
# text = Too much screen time can have bad effects on sleep.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | can |  | bad effects |  | sleep | time |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We added sound effects to our class play.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:effects:x7:1
# text = We added sound effects to our class play.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	added	add	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | past | We | sound effects |  |  |  | to our class play | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent effect=Patient to play=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **play** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom play «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cause and effect: the rain fell, so the river rose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:effects:x8:1
# text = Cause and effect: the rain fell, so the river rose.
1	Cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | Cause and effect |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **rise** | past | the river |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is not natural that the same ointment should have two such exactly opposite effects."

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:effects:x9:1
# text = It is not natural that the same ointment should have two such exactly opposite effects."
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ointment	ointment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
13	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	opposite	opposite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | natural *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | should | the same ointment | two such opposite effects |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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