---
title: eighteen — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «eighteen» in the school dictionary: Eighteen is the number 18, ten and eight. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# eighteen

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Eighteen, you, eighteen students, He, She, golf course · **What happens:** be, count, grow, share, pay, have · **To what, where:** 18, many countries, Eighteen apples, eighteen dollars, eighteen holes, eighteen · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«eighteen» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [eighteen in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/eighteen.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eighteen is the number 18, ten and eight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eighteen:m1:1
# text = Eighteen is the number 18, ten and eight.
1	Eighteen	eighteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	18	18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Eighteen | 18 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In many countries, at eighteen you count as a grown-up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eighteen:m2:1
# text = In many countries, at eighteen you count as a grown-up.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	eighteen	eighteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	count	count	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	up	up	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | present | you |  |  | many countries |  | at eighteen; as a grown up | vn masquerade-29.6 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as up=Attribute |
| 2 | **grow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are eighteen students.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eighteen:x1:1
# text = There are eighteen students.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	eighteen	eighteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	students	student	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | eighteen students |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is eighteen years old.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eighteen:x2:1
# text = He is eighteen years old.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	eighteen	eighteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eighteen apples were shared by 3.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eighteen:x3:1
# text = Eighteen apples were shared by 3.
1	Eighteen	eighteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | past · passive |  | Eighteen apples |  |  |  | by 3 | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She paid eighteen dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eighteen:x4:1
# text = She paid eighteen dollars.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	eighteen	eighteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | past | She | eighteen dollars |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dollar=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A golf course has eighteen holes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eighteen:x5:1
# text = A golf course has eighteen holes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	golf	golf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	eighteen	eighteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a golf course | eighteen holes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nine plus nine is eighteen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eighteen:x6:1
# text = Nine plus nine is eighteen.
1	Nine	nine	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nsubj	_	_
2	plus	plus	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	nine	nine	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	1	conj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	eighteen	eighteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Nine | eighteen |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can vote at eighteen in many countries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eighteen:x7:1
# text = You can vote at eighteen in many countries.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	vote	vote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	eighteen	eighteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vote** | can | You |  |  | eighteen |  | in many countries | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Eighteen dollars a year," said the man.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eighteen:x8:1
# text = "Eighteen dollars a year," said the man.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Eighteen	eighteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Eighteen dollars  a year |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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