---
title: el — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «el» in the school dictionary: The name of the letter L. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# el

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** el, noun, change, we, name, you · **What happens:** name, elevate, raise, mean, not be, make · **To what, where:** letter, English word, weather, El, Chicago, city

<!-- .vabout -->
«el» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [el in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/el.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The name of the letter L.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:el:m1:1
# text = The name of the letter L.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	L.	L.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** |  |  | the letter |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: USA — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
the El or el: an elevated railway, a train on a raised track above the street, especially in Chicago.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:el:m2:1
# text = the El or el: an elevated railway, a train on a raised track above the street, especially in Chicago.
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	El	El	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	el	el	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	elevated	elevate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	railway	railway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	above	above	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Chicago	Chicago	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **elevate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **raise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Spanish — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«el» means «the» before a masculine noun, as in El Paso or El Niño; it is not an English word.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:el:m3:1
# text = «el» means «the» before a masculine noun, as in El Paso or El Niño; it is not an English word.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	el	el	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	masculine	masculine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	El	El	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
16	Paso	Paso	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	flat	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	El	El	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	Niño	Niño	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | el |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | present | noun | a English word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
El Niño: a change in the Pacific Ocean that makes the weather unusual around the world.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:el:m4:1
# text = El Niño: a change in the Pacific Ocean that makes the weather unusual around the world.
1	El	El	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	Niño	Niño	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Pacific	Pacific	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	unusual	unusual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
15	around	around	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | a change in the Pacific Ocean | the weather |  |  |  | unusual *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset weather=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Chicago we rode the El over the city streets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:el:x1:1
# text = In Chicago we rode the El over the city streets.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Chicago	Chicago	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	El	El	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | we | the El |  | Chicago |  | over the city streets | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent el=Theme over street=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
El Paso is a city in Texas; the name is Spanish for «the pass».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:el:x2:1
# text = El Paso is a city in Texas; the name is Spanish for «the pass».
1	El	El	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Paso	Paso	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Texas	Texas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	pass	pass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | El | a city |  | Texas |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the name |  |  |  |  | for the pass; spanish *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
El Niño can bring heavy rain to Peru and droughts to Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:el:x3:1
# text = El Niño can bring heavy rain to Peru and droughts to Australia.
1	El	El	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Niño	Niño	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Peru	Peru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	droughts	drought	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | can | El | heavy rain | Peru and droughts |  |  | to Australia | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rain=Theme to peru=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«El» is the Spanish word for «the».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:el:x4:1
# text = «El» is the Spanish word for «the».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	El	El	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | El | the Spanish word |  |  |  | for the | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
El Salvador is a small country in Central America.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:el:x5:1
# text = El Salvador is a small country in Central America.
1	El	El	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Salvador	Salvador	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Central	Central	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
9	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | El | a small country |  | Central America |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write a capital el at the start of «London».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:el:x6:1
# text = Write a capital el at the start of «London».
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	el	el	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | a capital el |  | the start of London |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent el=Theme |
| 2 | **start** |  |  | London |  |  |  |  | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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