---
title: eland — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «eland» in the school dictionary: A very large African antelope with spiral horns on both males and females, light brown colour and a hanging fold of skin on the throat; it is the largest antelope in the world. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# eland

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** throat, eland, Elands, skin, they, great deer · **What happens:** hang, be, jump, run, graze, twist · **To what, where:** largest antelope, world, biggest kind, forest, herd, male elands · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«eland» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [eland in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/eland.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very large African antelope with spiral horns on both males and females, light brown colour and a hanging fold of skin on the throat; it is the largest antelope in the world.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eland:m1:1
# text = A very large African antelope with spiral horns on both males and females, light brown colour and a hanging fold of skin on the throat; it is the largest antelope in the world.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	antelope	antelope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	spiral	spiral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	males	male	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	females	female	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	hanging	hang	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	amod	_	_
21	fold	fold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	32	amod	_	_
32	antelope	antelope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | throat | the largest antelope |  | the world |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The eland is the biggest kind of antelope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eland:x1:1
# text = The eland is the biggest kind of antelope.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	eland	eland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	antelope	antelope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the eland | the biggest kind |  |  |  | of antelope | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Elands can jump very high for such large animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eland:x2:1
# text = Elands can jump very high for such large animals.
1	Elands	eland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | can | Elands |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Eland and the Kudu ran into the forest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eland:x3:1
# text = The Eland and the Kudu ran into the forest.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Eland	Eland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Kudu	Kudu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the Eland and the Kudu |  |  |  |  | into the forest *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into forest=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A herd of eland grazed on the veldt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eland:x4:1
# text = A herd of eland grazed on the veldt.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	eland	eland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	grazed	graze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	veldt	veldt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | participle |  | a herd of eland *not said here* |  |  |  | on the veldt | vn dine-39.5 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on veldt=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both male and female elands have twisted horns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eland:x5:1
# text = Both male and female elands have twisted horns.
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
2	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	female	female	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	elands	eland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	twisted	twist	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **twist** | present · perfect · passive |  | both male elands |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP ADJ.result»: subject=Theme horn=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The eland has a fold of skin hanging from its neck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eland:x6:1
# text = The eland has a fold of skin hanging from its neck.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	eland	eland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fold	fold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	hanging	hang	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the eland | a fold of skin |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fold=Patient |
| 2 | **hang** | gerund | skin *not said here* |  |  | eland's neck |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By-and-by they met with a troop of great deer, called elands, and they stopped when they saw Thakane and sang:

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eland:x7:1
# text = By-and-by they met with a troop of great deer, called elands, and they stopped when they saw Thakane and sang:
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	troop	troop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
16	elands	eland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
21	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
24	Thakane	Thakane	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | they |  |  |  |  | with a troop of great deer | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with troop=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **call** | participle | great deer *not said here* | elands |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **stop** | past | elands *= eland* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **see** | past | elands *= eland* | Thakane |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thakane=Stimulus |
| 5 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | elands *= eland* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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