---
title: elapse — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «elapse» in the school dictionary: Of time: to pass by. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# elapse

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Three hours, help, you, It, week, bell · **What happens:** pass by, elapse, arrive, find, be, come · **To what, where:** 45 minutes, week, Ten minutes, clock, Weeks

<!-- .vabout -->
«elapse» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [elapse in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/elapse.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of time: to pass by.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elapse:m1:1
# text = Of time: to pass by.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass by** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Three hours elapsed before help arrived.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elapse:x1:1
# text = Three hours elapsed before help arrived.
1	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	elapsed	elapse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **elapse** | participle | Three hours |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **arrive** | past | help |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Find the elapsed time from 10:20 to 11:05. It is 45 minutes.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Find the elapsed time from 10:20 to 11:05.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elapse:x2:1
# text = Find the elapsed time from 10:20 to 11:05.
1	Find	find	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	elapsed	elapse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	10:20	10:20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	11:05	11:05	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **elapse** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It is 45 minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elapse:x2:2
# text = It is 45 minutes.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	45	45	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | 45 minutes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A week elapsed and still no letter came.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elapse:x3:1
# text = A week elapsed and still no letter came.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	elapsed	elapse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	still	still	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **elapse** | participle |  | a week *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | a week |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ten minutes had elapsed when the bell rang.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elapse:x4:1
# text = Ten minutes had elapsed when the bell rang.
1	Ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	elapsed	elapse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **elapse** | past · perfect · passive |  | Ten minutes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ring** | past | the bell |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use a clock to work out the elapsed time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elapse:x5:1
# text = Use a clock to work out the elapsed time.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	elapsed	elapse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | a clock |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Patient |
| 2 | **work out** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **elapse** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Weeks elapsed before the plant flowered.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elapse:x6:1
# text = Weeks elapsed before the plant flowered.
1	Weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	elapsed	elapse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	before	before	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	flowered	flower	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **elapse** | participle |  | Weeks *not said here* |  |  | before the plant |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **flower** | past | Weeks |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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