---
title: election — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «election» in the school dictionary: An election is when people vote to choose someone, like a leader, a government or a class representative. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# election

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** election, class, She, People, He, Ana · **What happens:** be, choose, hold, win, vote, show · **To what, where:** someone, election, 18, election results, bar chart, 15

<!-- .vabout -->
«election» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [election in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/election.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An election is when people vote to choose someone, like a leader, a government or a class representative.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:election:m1:1
# text = An election is when people vote to choose someone, like a leader, a government or a class representative.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	vote	vote	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	representative	representative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a election |  |  |  |  | vote *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **choose** | to-infinitive | a election *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class held an election for school council.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:election:x1:1
# text = Our class held an election for school council.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | Our class | a election |  |  |  | for school council | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent election=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The country votes in a general election.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:election:x2:1
# text = The country votes in a general election.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	votes	vote	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She won the election by 5 votes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:election:x3:1
# text = She won the election by 5 votes.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	votes	vote	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | She | the election |  |  |  | by 5 votes | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent election=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who will win the election?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:election:x4:1
# text = Who will win the election?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | future |  | the election |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent election=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People who are 18 or older can vote in the election.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:election:x5:1
# text = People who are 18 or older can vote in the election.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	18	18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	appos	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	vote	vote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | People | 18 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | People *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **vote** | can | People |  |  | the election |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The election results were shown on a bar chart.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:election:x6:1
# text = The election results were shown on a bar chart.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	chart	chart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past · passive |  | the election results |  | a bar chart |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He stood in the election but lost.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:election:x7:1
# text = He stood in the election but lost.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | He |  |  | the election |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in election=Location |
| 2 | **lose** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Out of 28 votes, Ana got 15, so she won the election.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:election:x8:1
# text = Out of 28 votes, Ana got 15, so she won the election.
1	Out	out	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	28	28	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	votes	vote	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Ana	Ana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Ana | 15 |  | 28 votes |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 15=Stimulus |
| 2 | **win** | past | Ana | the election |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent election=Eventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shortly after that, another election among the Animals was held.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:election:x9:1
# text = Shortly after that, another election among the Animals was held.
1	Shortly	shortly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
2	after	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	among	among	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past · passive |  | another election among the Animals |  |  |  | shortly *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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