---
title: electricity — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «electricity» in the school dictionary: A kind of energy that flows through wires and powers lights, machines and devices. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# electricity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** kind, electricity, Lamps, you, water, Lightning · **What happens:** flow, go off, use, not touch, carry, be · **To what, where:** wires, electricity, plugs, wire, kind, lights

<!-- .vabout -->
«electricity» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [electricity in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/electricity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kind of energy that flows through wires and powers lights, machines and devices.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electricity:m1:1
# text = A kind of energy that flows through wires and powers lights, machines and devices.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	wires	wire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	compound	_	_
11	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	devices	device	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | a kind of energy |  |  | wires and powers lights and machines and devices |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through wire=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The supply of this energy to homes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electricity:m2:1
# text = The supply of this energy to homes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	supply	supply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The electricity went off."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electricity:m2e:1
# text = "The electricity went off."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go off** *in a quote* | past | the electricity |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Also natural: lightning and static electricity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electricity:m3:1
# text = Also natural: lightning and static electricity.
1	Also	also	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	static	static	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lamps use electricity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electricity:x1:1
# text = Lamps use electricity.
1	Lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Lamps | electricity |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never touch plugs with wet hands — water carries electricity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electricity:x2:1
# text = Never touch plugs with wet hands — water carries electricity.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	touch	touch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	plugs	plug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
10	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **touch** | imperative | you *not said here* | plugs |  |  |  | with wet hands | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent plug=Theme with hand=Instrument |
| 2 | **carry** | present | water | electricity |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Electricity flows through the wire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electricity:x3:1
# text = Electricity flows through the wire.
1	Electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | Electricity |  |  | the wire |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through wire=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lightning is a kind of electricity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electricity:x4:1
# text = Lightning is a kind of electricity.
1	Lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lightning | a kind |  |  |  | of electricity | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn off lights to save electricity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electricity:x5:1
# text = Turn off lights to save electricity.
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	off	off	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn off** | imperative | you *not said here* | lights |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent light=Patient |
| 2 | **save** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | electricity |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Metals let electricity pass through.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electricity:x6:1
# text = Metals let electricity pass through.
1	Metals	metal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	let	let	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	through	through	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present | Metals | electricity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass through** | infinitive | electricity *not said here* |  |  |  |  | through *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm cut off our electricity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electricity:x7:1
# text = The storm cut off our electricity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut off** | participle | the storm *not said here* | our electricity |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector electricity=Eventuality |
| 2 | **electrify** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom electricity «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rub a balloon to make static electricity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electricity:x8:1
# text = Rub a balloon to make static electricity.
1	Rub	rub	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	static	static	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | imperative | you *not said here* | a balloon |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent balloon=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | static electricity |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset electricity=Product |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It flies nineteen million times faster than the best race-horse; and yet electricity is quicker still.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electricity:x9:1
# text = It flies nineteen million times faster than the best race-horse; and yet electricity is quicker still.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flies	fly	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nineteen	nineteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	compound	_	_
4	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	faster	fast	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
10	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	quicker	quick	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	_
19	still	still	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | electricity |  |  |  | still | quick *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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