---
title: electron — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «electron» in the school dictionary: An electron is a tiny particle, much smaller than an atom, that has a negative electric charge and moves around the nucleus (centre) of an atom. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# electron

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** electron, that, many electrons, flow, Electrons, atom · **What happens:** be, have, move, flow, rub, see · **To what, where:** tiny particle, negative electric charge, nucleus, wire, electric current, negative charge

<!-- .vabout -->
«electron» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [electron in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/electron.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An electron is a tiny particle, much smaller than an atom, that has a negative electric charge and moves around the nucleus (centre) of an atom.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electron:m1:1
# text = An electron is a tiny particle, much smaller than an atom, that has a negative electric charge and moves around the nucleus (centre) of an atom.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	electron	electron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	particle	particle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	much	much	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
10	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	atom	atom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	negative	negative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
22	around	around	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	nucleus	nucleus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	atom	atom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a electron | a tiny particle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | that | a negative electric charge |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charge=Patient |
| 3 | **move** | present | that *not said here* |  |  | the nucleus |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme around nucleus=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When many electrons flow through a wire, that flow is an electric current.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electron:m2:1
# text = When many electrons flow through a wire, that flow is an electric current.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	electrons	electron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	flow	flow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	flow	flow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	current	current	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | many electrons |  |  | a wire |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through wire=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | present | that flow | a electric current |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An electron has a negative charge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electron:x1:1
# text = An electron has a negative charge.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	electron	electron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	negative	negative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a electron | a negative charge |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charge=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Electrons flow through the copper wire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electron:x2:1
# text = Electrons flow through the copper wire.
1	Electrons	electron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flow	flow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | Electrons |  |  | the copper wire |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through wire=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An atom has protons and neutrons in the middle and electrons around them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electron:x3:1
# text = An atom has protons and neutrons in the middle and electrons around them.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	atom	atom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	protons	proton	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	neutrons	neutron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	electrons	electron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
12	around	around	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a atom | protons and neutrons in the middle and electrons |  |  |  | around electrons *= electron* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent proton=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When you rub a balloon, electrons move onto it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electron:x4:1
# text = When you rub a balloon, electrons move onto it.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	3	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rub	rub	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	electrons	electron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	move	move	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | present | you | a balloon |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent balloon=Theme |
| 2 | **move** | present | electrons |  |  | balloon |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme onto it=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Electrons are far too small to see, even with a microscope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electron:x5:1
# text = Electrons are far too small to see, even with a microscope.
1	Electrons	electron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	even	even	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	microscope	microscope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Electrons |  |  |  |  | far, small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | Electrons *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a microscope | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Electricity is a flow of electrons in a circuit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electron:x6:1
# text = Electricity is a flow of electrons in a circuit.
1	Electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	flow	flow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	electrons	electron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Electricity | a flow |  | a circuit |  | of electrons | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A proton has a positive charge, and an electron has a negative one.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electron:x7:1
# text = A proton has a positive charge, and an electron has a negative one.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	proton	proton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	positive	positive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	electron	electron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	negative	negative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a proton | a positive charge |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charge=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | present | a electron | a negative one |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Electrons move easily in metals, so metals conduct electricity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:electron:x8:1
# text = Electrons move easily in metals, so metals conduct electricity.
1	Electrons	electron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	move	move	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	metals	metal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	metals	metal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	conduct	conduct	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | Electrons |  |  | metals |  | easily *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in metal=Trajectory |
| 2 | **conduct** | present | metals | electricity |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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