---
title: elk — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «elk» in the school dictionary: In Britain and Europe: the largest kind of deer, with huge flat antlers and a long face; the same animal is called a moose in North America. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# elk

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** branching antlers, elk, male elk, We, signs · **What happens:** call, step out, eat, have, hear, bugle · **To what, where:** same animal, wapiti, road, grass, large antlers, elk · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«elk» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [elk in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/elk.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Britain and Europe: the largest kind of deer, with huge flat antlers and a long face; the same animal is called a moose in North America.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elk:m1:1
# text = In Britain and Europe: the largest kind of deer, with huge flat antlers and a long face; the same animal is called a moose in North America.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
8	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	antlers	antler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	parataxis	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	parataxis	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	moose	moose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	xcomp	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the same animal |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In North America: a large deer with branching antlers, also called a wapiti, smaller than a moose.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elk:m2:1
# text = In North America: a large deer with branching antlers, also called a wapiti, smaller than a moose.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	branching	branching	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	antlers	antler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	also	also	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wapiti	wapiti	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	parataxis	_	_
18	than	than	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	moose	moose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | branching antlers *not said here* | a wapiti |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An elk stepped out onto the road in front of us.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elk:x1:1
# text = An elk stepped out onto the road in front of us.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	elk	elk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stepped	step	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **step out** | past | a elk |  |  | the road in front of us |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme onto road=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Elk eat grass, leaves and bark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elk:x2:1
# text = Elk eat grass, leaves and bark.
1	Elk	elk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Elk | grass and leaves and bark |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The male elk has large antlers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elk:x3:1
# text = The male elk has large antlers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	elk	elk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	antlers	antler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the male elk | large antlers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antler=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard the elk bugling in the autumn forest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elk:x4:1
# text = We heard the elk bugling in the autumn forest.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	elk	elk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	bugling	bugle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | the elk |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer elk=Stimulus |
| 2 | **bugle** | gerund | the elk *not said here* |  |  | the autumn forest |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Sweden, signs warn drivers about elk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elk:x5:1
# text = In Sweden, signs warn drivers about elk.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Sweden	Sweden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	warn	warn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	elk	elk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | present | signs |  | drivers | Sweden |  | about elk | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent driver=Recipient about elk=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A herd of elk grazed by the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:elk:x6:1
# text = A herd of elk grazed by the river.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	elk	elk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	grazed	graze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | participle |  | elk *not said here* |  |  |  | by the river | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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