---
title: emoticon — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «emoticon» in the school dictionary: A small face made from keyboard symbols, like :-) or :(, used in messages to show a feeling. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# emoticon

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** small face, little picture, She, you, wink emoticon, emoticon · **What happens:** make, use, show, end, invent, turn · **To what, where:** keyboard symbols, messages, feeling, face, message, Emoticons · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«emoticon» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [emoticon in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/emoticon.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small face made from keyboard symbols, like :-) or :(, used in messages to show a feeling.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emoticon:m1:1
# text = A small face made from keyboard symbols, like :-) or :(, used in messages to show a feeling.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	keyboard	keyboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	symbols	symbol	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
9	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	:(	:(	SYM	NFP	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle | a small face |  |  | keyboard symbols |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from symbol=Material |
| 2 | **use** | participle | a small face *not said here* |  |  | messages |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive | a small face *not said here* | a feeling |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent feeling=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An emoji: a little picture showing a face or thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emoticon:m2:1
# text = An emoji: a little picture showing a face or thing.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	emoji	emoji	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
7	showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | gerund | a little picture *not said here* | a face or thing |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent face=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She ended her message with a smiley emoticon :-).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emoticon:x1:1
# text = She ended her message with a smiley emoticon :-).
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	smiley	smiley	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	emoticon	emoticon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past | She | her message |  |  |  | with a smiley emoticon | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector message=Eventuality with emoticon=Subeventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Emoticons were invented before emojis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emoticon:x2:1
# text = Emoticons were invented before emojis.
1	Emoticons	emoticon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	emojis	emoji	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past · passive |  | Emoticons |  |  | before emojis |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn your head sideways to see the emoticon's face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emoticon:x3:1
# text = Turn your head sideways to see the emoticon's face.
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	sideways	sideways	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	emoticon	emoticon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | imperative | you *not said here* | your head |  |  |  | sideways *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent head=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the emoticon's face |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer face=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wink emoticon ;-) shows that you are joking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emoticon:x4:1
# text = A wink emoticon ;-) shows that you are joking.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wink	wink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	emoticon	emoticon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	joking	joke	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a wink emoticon |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **joke** *speech: other* | present · progressive | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't use too many emoticons in a formal email.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emoticon:x5:1
# text = Don't use too many emoticons in a formal email.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	emoticons	emoticon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **use** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | many emoticons |  | a formal email |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent emoticon=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The emoticon :( shows that you are sad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emoticon:x6:1
# text = The emoticon :( shows that you are sad.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	emoticon	emoticon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	:(	:(	SYM	NFP	_	2	discourse	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the emoticon |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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