---
title: emperor — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «emperor» in the school dictionary: A man who rules an empire, a group of many countries or lands, such as the Roman emperors. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# emperor

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Caesar Augustus, emperor penguin, adopted son, emperor, child, Emperor penguins · **What happens:** be, bear, adopt, become, rule, shout · **To what, where:** Roman emperor, Jesus, biggest kind, first Roman emperor, many lands, story · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«emperor» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [emperor in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/emperor.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A man who rules an empire, a group of many countries or lands, such as the Roman emperors.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emperor:m1:1
# text = A man who rules an empire, a group of many countries or lands, such as the Roman emperors.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	20	case	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	emperors	emperor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caesar Augustus was the Roman emperor when Jesus was born.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emperor:m2:1
# text = Caesar Augustus was the Roman emperor when Jesus was born.
1	Caesar	Caesar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Augustus	Augustus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Caesar Augustus | the Roman emperor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bear** | past · passive |  | Jesus |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The emperor penguin is the biggest kind of penguin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emperor:m3:1
# text = The emperor penguin is the biggest kind of penguin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	penguin	penguin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	penguin	penguin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the emperor penguin | the biggest kind |  |  |  | of penguin | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Julius Caesar's adopted son became the first Roman emperor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emperor:x1:1
# text = Julius Caesar's adopted son became the first Roman emperor.
1	Julius	Julius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	_
2	Caesar	Caesar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
4	adopted	adopt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
9	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **adopt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **become** | past | Julius's adopted son | the first Roman emperor |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The emperor ruled many lands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emperor:x2:1
# text = The emperor ruled many lands.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | the emperor | many lands |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, a child shouted that the emperor had no clothes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emperor:x3:1
# text = In the story, a child shouted that the emperor had no clothes.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
13	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | a child |  |  | the story |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | past | the emperor | no clothes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clothes=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Emperor penguins huddle together to keep warm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emperor:x4:1
# text = Emperor penguins huddle together to keep warm.
1	Emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	huddle	huddle	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **huddle** | present | Emperor penguins |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | Emperor penguins *not said here* |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
China was once ruled by emperors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emperor:x5:1
# text = China was once ruled by emperors.
1	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	advmod	_	_
4	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	emperors	emperor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past · passive | emperors | China |  |  |  | once *property* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The emperor ordered a census of the whole world.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:emperor:x6:1
# text = The emperor ordered a census of the whole world.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ordered	order	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	census	census	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **order** | past | the emperor | a census of the whole world |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent census=Theme |
| 2 | **census** |  |  | the whole world |  |  |  |  | nom census «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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