---
title: empire — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «empire» in the school dictionary: A group of countries or lands ruled by one ruler or government, often an emperor or empress. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# empire

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** area, kitchen, Roman Empire, She, British Empire, empire · **What happens:** rule, control, be, build, bear, fall · **To what, where:** countries, businesses, empire, roads, Europe, Jesus · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«empire» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [empire in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/empire.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A group of countries or lands ruled by one ruler or government, often an emperor or empress.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empire:m1:1
# text = A group of countries or lands ruled by one ruler or government, often an emperor or empress.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:agent	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	empress	empress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | participle |  | countries or lands *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very large business or group of businesses controlled by one person or company: «a toy empire».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empire:m2:1
# text = A very large business or group of businesses controlled by one person or company: «a toy empire».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	businesses	business	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	controlled	control	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **control** | participle |  | businesses *not said here* |  |  |  | by one person or company | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An area that someone controls: «The kitchen is Dad's empire».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empire:m3:1
# text = An area that someone controls: «The kitchen is Dad's empire».
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
5	controls	control	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **control** | present | a area |  |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the kitchen | Dad's empire |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Roman Empire built roads across Europe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empire:x1:1
# text = The Roman Empire built roads across Europe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Roman	Roman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | the Roman Empire | roads |  | Europe |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jesus was born when the Roman Empire ruled Judea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empire:x2:1
# text = Jesus was born when the Roman Empire ruled Judea.
1	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Roman	Roman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	Judea	Judea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive |  | Jesus |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **rule** | past | the Roman Empire | Judea |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent judea=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She built a pizza empire from one small shop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empire:x3:1
# text = She built a pizza empire from one small shop.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | She | a pizza empire |  | one small shop |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent empire=Product from shop=Material |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The British Empire once ruled many lands around the world.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empire:x4:1
# text = The British Empire once ruled many lands around the world.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	5	advmod	_	_
5	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	around	around	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | the British Empire | many lands |  | the world |  | once *property* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The empire fell after many wars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empire:x5:1
# text = The empire fell after many wars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	wars	war	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | the empire |  |  |  | after many wars |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother's empire is the sandpit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empire:x6:1
# text = My little brother's empire is the sandpit.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sandpit	sandpit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My little brother's empire | the sandpit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is there such a bird in my empire? and even in my garden?

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:empire:x7:1
# text = Is there such a bird in my empire? and even in my garden?
1	Is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	1	expl	_	_
3	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	5	det:predet	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	even	even	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | such bird in my empire and my garden |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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